孟现民+董平+卢洪洲
摘 要 埃博拉病毒是世界上最具威胁的病原体之一,2013年12月始于西非几内亚的埃博拉病毒病(Ebola virus disease,EVD)疫情,成为有记载以来最严重的一次暴发。由于对疫情的估计不足以及缺乏有效的治疗药物,本次疫情的防治效果并不乐观。美国FDA紧急批准了未经系统研究的ZMapp和TKM-Ebola用于埃博拉病毒病的治疗,但限于未知的疗效、安全性和产能的不足,意义有限。本文综述了现有的治疗埃博拉病毒病的方法以及新药的最新研究进展,方便相关人员了解此方面的信息。
关键词 埃博拉病毒病 治疗 ZMapp TKM-Ebola 疫苗
中图分类号:R978.7; R512.99 文献标识码:A 文章编号:1006-1533(2014)21-0001-05
Progress in the treatment of and new drug research on Ebola virus disease*
MENG Xianmin 1, DONG Ping 1, LU Hongzhou 2,3**
(1. Department of Pharmacy, Shanghai Public Health Clinical Center, Fudan University, Shanghai 201508, China;
2. Department of Infectious Diseases, Shanghai Public Health Clinical Center, Fudan University, Shanghai 201508, China;
3. Department of Infectious Diseases, Huashan Hospital, Fudan University, Shanghai 200040, China)
ABSTRACT As we all know, the Ebola virus is one of the most dangerous pathogens in the world. The outbreak of the Ebola virus diseases, began in December 2013, Guinea, West Africa, was the most serious one ever recorded in the history of mankind. Due to underestimation of the epidemic and the lack of effective drug, the effect of the prevention and control of this epidemic was not optimistic. ZMapp and TKM-Ebola were emergently approved by FDA for the treatment of the Ebola virus disease. However, the significance of the use of two drugs was limited because of the unknown efficacy, safety and the shortage of production capacity. In this paper, the existing therapies and the latest research progress of new drugs for Ebola virus diseases are reviewed so as to help the relevant persons get this information.
KEY WORDS Ebola virus disease; treatment; ZMapp; TKM-Ebola; vaccine
埃博拉病毒病(Ebola virus disease,EVD)是由埃博拉病毒引起的一种急性传染病,主要通过接触病人或感染动物的血液、体液、分泌物和排泄物等而感染,临床表现主要为突起发热、呕吐、腹泻、出血和多脏器损害,病死率为30%~90%[1]。EVD的患者和非洲大陆热带雨林感染埃博拉病毒的大猩猩、黑猩猩、猴、羚羊、豪猪等野生动物为本病传染源。人类对埃博拉病毒普遍易感。本病潜伏期为2~21 d。埃博拉病毒属丝状病毒科RNA病毒,共分5种病毒亚型,其中扎伊尔型毒力最强也最常见,历史上该型病毒引起的EVD死亡率曾高达90%。埃博拉病毒生物安全等级为4级,是生物安全等级最高的病毒。EVD于1976年在非洲首次发现。2013年12月始于西非几内亚的EVD疫情,现已逐渐蔓延至利比里亚、塞拉利昂,并有病例输入至尼日利亚和塞内加尔,引起该次疫情的病毒亚型也是扎伊尔型。截至2014年9月23日,本次疫情已导致3 091人死亡,另有6 574个疑似或感染病例。……