山东省初中体育学业水平考试遇到的问题及其解决建议

周建东+于涛+魏丕勇+李储涛

摘 要：对山东省初中体育学业水平考试制度进行系统分析，认为山东省现行的初中体育学业水平考试制度存在5大问题：将体育成绩计入中考总分与中考改革推行等级制相矛盾、过程性考核与终结性考核比重分配失衡、考试项目内容选择不合理、考试的免试与加分制度不公平、考试成绩的真实性得不到保障等。在对存在的问题进行分析基础上，提出解决问题的建议：第一，体育考试成绩不计入中考总分，推行细化等级评价制度;第二，考试采取过程性考核与终结性考核相结合方式，加强过程性考核的监管力度;第三，废除身高、体重、肺活量等项目，增加选测项目的数量;第四，严格细化体育考试的免试与加分制度，确保考试公平;第五，全面推行“电子化”考试，培养高素质考务人员，保证考试公开透明。

关 键 词：学校体育;学习水平考试;考试制度;初中体育;山东省

中图分类号：G807.2 文献标志码：A 文章编号：1006-7116（2014）06-0108-05

Problems encountered in junior high school physical education academic proficiency

examinations in Shandon province and suggestions for their solutions

ZHOU Jian-dong1，2，YU Tao1，WEI Pi-yong1，LI Chu-tao1

（1.School of Physical Education，Shandong Normal University，Jinan 250014，China，

2 School of Education，Shandong Normal University，Jinan 250014，China）

Abstract： The authors analyzed the junior high school physical education academic proficiency examination system in Shandong province， and concluded that the junior high school physical education academic proficiency examination system currently effective in Shandong province had the following 5 major problems： counting physical education scores into midterm examination total score contradicted the grade system implemented in midterm examination reform; the distribution of proportions of procedural examinations and summative examinations were out of balance; examination item and content selection was irrational; the examination exemption and bonus point awarding system was unfair; the genuineness of examination scores was not ensured. Based on their analysis of the existing problems， the authors offered the following ideas for solving the problems： 1）do not count physical education examination scores into midterm examination total score; implement a refined grade evaluation system; 2）give examinations in a procedural examination and summative examination combined way; strengthen the supervision of procedural examinations; 3）get rid of such items as height， weight and lung capacity， and increase the number of optional test items; 4）strictly refine the physical education examination exemption and bonus point awarding system; ensure examination fairness; 5）comprehensively implement electronic examinations; cultivate high quality examiners; ensure examination transparency.

Key words： school physical education;academic proficiency examination;examination system;junior high school physical education;Shandong province

2007年，《中共中央国务院关于加强青少年体育增加青少年体质的意见》（[2007]中发7号）文件明确指出：“全面组织实施初中毕业升学体育考试，并逐步加大体育成绩在学生综合素质评价和中考成绩中的分量。” [1]2008年，山东省人民政府办公厅《关于实施初中学生综合素质评价制度深化高中阶段学校招生制度改革的意见》（鲁政发[2008]2号）中又明确指出：“以学业考试取代升学考试，以综合素质评价结果为依据录取新生，将体育与健康列为初中学业水平考试科目。……