不同剂量地塞米松用于超声引导神经刺激器定位肌间沟臂丛神经阻滞效果的观察

2015-03-13 19:56:58康志宇等
中国医药导报 2015年5期

康志宇等

[摘要] 目的 比较相同浓度罗哌卡因中加入不同剂量地塞米松用于超声引导神经刺激器定位肌间沟臂丛神经阻滞感觉及运动阻滞效果的差异。 方法 选择北京积水潭医院运动医学科2013年12月~2014年5月66例于肌间沟臂丛神经阻滞下行肩关节手术患者,并将其随机分为三组:使用0.5%罗哌卡因20 mL(A组,n = 22);0.5%罗哌卡因加入地塞米松0.05 mg/kg混合液20 mL(B组,n = 22);0.5%罗哌卡因加入地塞米松0.1 mg/kg混合液20 mL(C组,n = 22)。分别记录3组患者感觉及运动阻滞起效及恢复时间。记录不良反应发生情况及患者对麻醉的满意程度。 结果 三组患者比较感觉及运动起效时间比较差异无统计学意义(P > 0.05);与A组比较,加入地塞米松可以明显延长0.5%罗哌卡因感觉[A组:(15.3±5.3)h比B组:(28.9±6.9)h,P = 0.000;A组:(15.3±5.3)h比C组:(31.3±4.9)h,P = 0.000]及运动[A组:(10.3±3.8)h比B组:(17.3±4.4)h,P = 0.000;A组:(10.3±3.8)h比C组:(18.8±2.5)h,P = 0.000]阻滞持续时间。但加入不同剂量地塞米松对感觉(B组比C组,P = 0.198)及运动(B组比C组,P = 0.343)阻滞时间影响相似。B、C两组患者术后12、24、36 h静息疼痛数字评分(NRS)明显低于A组患者,但B、C两组患者术后各时点NRS评分比较差异无统计学意义(P > 0.05)。三组患者术后恶心、呕吐发生率及对术后镇痛满意度比较差异无统计学意义(P > 0.05)。 结论 地塞米松可以延长0.5%罗哌卡因感觉及运动阻滞时间,但是使用0.05 mg/kg或0.1 mg/kg效果无明显差异。

[关键词] 肌间沟;臂丛神经阻滞;地塞米松;罗哌卡因

[中图分类号] R614.2 [文献标识码] A [文章编号] 1673-7210(2015)02(b)-0081-05

[Abstract] Objective To compare the differences of sensory block and motor block effects of the same concentration of Ropivacaine with deferent dosages of Dexamethasone for ultrasound and nerve stimulator guided interscalene bronchial plexus block. Methods Sixty six cases of patients underwent shoulder surgery under interscalene brachial plexus block in Department of Sport Medicine of Beijing Jishuitan Hospital from December 2012 to May 2014 were chosen and randomly divided into three groups: using Ropivacaine 0.5% 20 mL (group A, n = 22), Ropivacaine 0.5% with Dexamethasone 0.05 mg/kg 20 mL (group B, n = 22), Ropivacaine 0.5% with Dexamethasone 0.1 mg/kg 20 mL (group C, n = 22). Onset time and duration time of sensory and motor block, adverse reactions and patients' satisfaction for anesthesia among the three groups were recorded. Results There were no significant differences in onset time of sensory or motor block among the three groups (P > 0.05). Compared with group A, Dexamethasone can significantly lengthen the duration time of sense block [group A: (15.3±5.3) h vs group B: (28.9±6.9) h, P = 0.000; group A: (15.3±5.3) h vs group C: (31.3±4.9) h, P = 0.000] and motor block [group A: (10.3±3.8) h vs group B: (17.3±4.4) h, P = 0.000; group A: (10.3±3.8) h vs group C: (18.8±2.5) h, P = 0.000] of Ropivacaine 0.5%; but there was no significant difference of different dosages of Dexamethasone for sensory block (group B vs group C, P = 0.198) and motor block (group B vs group C, P = 0.343). The resting numerical rating scale (NRS) at postoperative 12, 24, 36 h in group B and group C were lower than those of group A, but there were no significant differences between group B and C at any time (P > 0.05). There were no significant differences of postoperative incidence of nausea and vomiting and satisfaction for postoperative analgesia among the three groups (P > 0.05). Conclusion Dexamethasone can lengthen the duration time of sense block and motor block of Ropivacaine 0.5%, but there are no significant differences by using 0.05 mg/kg or 0.1 mg/kg Dexamethasone.

[Key words] Interscalene; Brachial plexus block; Dexamethasone; Ropivacaine

肩关节镜手术在临床已广泛开展,由于术中需行控制性降压,术后需早期活动进行功能锻炼,完善的术中及术后镇痛显得尤为重要。由于肌间沟臂丛神经阻滞不仅可以阻滞臂丛神经的所有分支,并可能阻滞来源于颈浅神经丛的锁骨上神经,可以覆盖肩关节手术所有累计神经支配范围,因此被常规应用于肩关节镜手术麻醉及术后镇痛。近年来超声引……

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