代治国 雷昌浩 刘开生 陈崇 张锋伟
摘要:利用材料力学万能试验机进行了豌豆(Pisum sativum L.)压缩、剪切力学性能试验,并采用针尖压入法对豌豆子粒进行硬度试验分析。结果表明,破碎负载、弹性模量、剪切力、剪切强度随着含水率的增加均有明显下降;在相同含水率下,破碎负载、弹性模量、剪切力、剪切强度在平放时最大,侧放时次之,立放时最小;硬度与含水率呈显著性负相关,而与压痕深度相关性不明显。
关键词:豌豆(Pisum sativum L.)子粒;力学性能;硬度
中图分类号:S529 文献标识码:A 文章编号:0439-8114(2015)02-0461-04
DOI:10.14088/j.cnki.issn0439-8114.2015.02.053
Analyzing Mechanical Properties of Pea
DAI Zhi-guo1,LEI Chang-hao1,LIU Kai-sheng1,CHEN Chong1,ZHANG Feng-wei2
(1.Chongqing Economy and Trade Secondary Specialized School, Chongqing 402160, China;2.School of Engineering,
Gansu Agricultural University, Lanzhou 730070, China)
Abstract: Pea compression, shear mechanical tests were conducted by using the mechanical universal testing machine. The hardness of the pea was studied with needlepoint pressing-in method. The results showed that with the increase of moisture contents, crushing load, elastic modulus, shearing force and shearing strength decreased obviously. At the same contents of moisture, crushing load, elastic modulus, shearing force and shearing strength was the largest when it was placed in the position of lying in flat, smallest when placed in standing, and medium when placed with lying on side. Hardness and moisture content was significantly negatively correlated. There was no obvious correlation with the indentation depth.
Key words: pea grain;mechanical properties;hardness
豌豆(Pisum sativum L.)又名毕豆、国豆、荷兰豆、回回豆等,其性味甘平,具有和中下气、利小便、解疮毒等功效[1],豌豆可制成糕点、豆馅、粉丝、粉皮、凉粉、淀粉等。豌豆子粒在收获、运输、干燥、贮藏过程中,易受到相关机具工作部件的碰撞、摩擦与挤压,造成豌豆子粒的损伤、破碎,从而影响豌豆的品质、利用率、经济价值和种子发芽率。而在豌豆子粒粉碎加工过程中,一般需要用机械的方法将豌豆子粒破碎、脱皮和脱胚,因此,对豌豆的力学特性进行研究具有重要的意义。国内外学者对小麦(Triticum aestivum Linn.)、莲子(Semen nelumbinis)、玉米(Zea mays)、花生(Arachis hypogaea Linn.)、杏核(Armeniaca)、大豆(Glycine max)等农作物的力学特性进行了大量的研究[2-12],但未见对豌豆子粒进行挤压、剪切、硬度的力学特性研究的报道。本研究选择豌豆作为试验材料,通过豌豆在不同含水率下对其进行挤压、剪切、硬度试验,分析了其力学特性,为豌豆收获、储运及加工相关环节农产品作业机械的设计、加工工艺提供理论依据。……