胡小美,关铮
·综述·
子宫内膜息肉的诊治进展
胡小美,关铮△
子宫内膜息肉(endometrial polyps,EP)为妇女最常见的子宫内膜病变之一,在生育期主要表现为月经量过多、月经周期不规律、不孕等,绝经期表现为不规则阴道出血。因此,正确诊断子宫内膜息肉并给予相应的治疗是缓解及消除患者症状的关键。临床上首选超声作为诊断方法,随着宫腔镜的广泛应用,目前对EP的诊断水平有了显著提高,但仍需参考病理诊断确诊。关于对EP的治疗,临床上尚未形成明确的指南。现就其诊治进展的研究现状作一价值分析。
子宫内膜;息肉;诊断;超声检查;宫腔镜;妇科外科手术
【Abstract】Endometrial polyps(EP)is one of the most common endometrial diseases.It is a common cause of menorrhagia,irregular menstrual cycle and infertility in premenopause,and associated with postmenopausal bleeding.So diagnosing EP correctly and then carrying out appropriate treatment has been the key to alleviate or remove patients′symptoms.By now,transvaginal sonography is the first clinical method for diagnosing the disease.With the wide use of hysteroscopy,the level of diagnostic EP has been significantly improved,but still refer to the pathological examination.As for the treatment of EP,there has not yet formend a clear clinical guildlines.This article will review the progress in diagnosis and treatment on EP.
【Keywords】Endometrium;Polyps;Diagnosis;Ultrasonography;Hysteroscopes;Gynecologic surgical procedures
(J Int Obstet Gynecol,2015,42:42-44,48)
子宫内膜息肉(endometrial polyps,EP)是指子宫内膜局部的良性结节状突起。EP在生育期主要表现为月经量过多、月经周期不规律、经间期出血、不孕等,绝经期表现为不规则阴道出血。临床上首选超声作为诊断方法,随着宫腔镜的广泛应用,目前对EP的诊断水平有了显著提高,关于对EP的治疗,临床上尚未形成明确的指南。
1.1阴道超声(transvaginalsonography,TVS) TVS检查快速、方便、无创、经济,在EP的诊断中起着重要作用,甚至是诊断EP的首选检查方法,在超声下常显示为边界清楚的高回声结节,但是对较小息肉缺乏特异性,只能显示内膜增厚或异常,有时还会与子宫内膜增生、黏膜下肌瘤、宫腔粘连、子宫内膜癌相混淆,有研究报道,TVS诊断EP的敏感度、特异度及准确率分别为60%、33.3%和57.6%[1]。
1.2诊断性刮宫诊断性刮宫是一种诊断兼治疗的方法,尤其对不规则阴道出血或子宫内膜增厚者应用广泛,但漏诊率较高,因为术者只能凭感觉、经验盲刮。……