王晓梅 王伟伟 于亮等
摘 要:针对环渤海地区土壤瘠薄盐碱、干旱缺水严重,自然灾害频发的生态特点以及小麦生产上急待解决的抗旱、耐盐、节水高产品种十分缺乏的问题,确定了以多抗(抗旱、耐盐、抗寒、抗干热风、抗病、抗倒伏)、节水、高产、稳产为育种目标,以丰富小麦品种遗传基础、提高品种产量潜力和抗逆水平为突破口,改进选种场圃设置,创新抗旱耐盐育种方法,育成了以抗旱耐盐碱丰产为主要特点的沧麦抗旱耐盐系列品种。
关键词:小麦;抗旱;耐盐;育种;系谱分析
中图分类号 S512.1 文献标识码 A 文章编号 1007-7731(2015)06-22-03
Breeding Method on Drought Resistance and Salt Tolerance Variety in Cang Wheat and the Pedigree Analysis
Wang Xiaomei1 et al.
(1Agricultural Bureau of Cangzhou City,Cangzhou 061001,China)
Abstract:In view of the Bohai rim region had poor saline soil,severe drought,the ecological characteristics of natural disasters.So we went to resolve the lack of problem on drought resistance,salt tolerance,water-saving high-yield varieties in wheat production.Identified with multi-resistant(drought resistance,salt resistance,cold resistance,dry-hot wind resistance,disease resistance,lodging resistance),water saving,high yield and stable yield for breeding goal,to enrich the genetic basis of wheat varieties,improve the level of variety yield potential and resistance as the breakthrough point,improvement the selective on the settings of environment,innovation of drought resistance and salt tolerance in breeding methods.We bred the breeding varieties of wheat,which as the main characteristics on drought-resistant and salt-tolerant and fertility.
Key words:Wheat;Drought-resistant;Salt tolerance;Breeding;Pedigree analysis
1 引言
过去小麦抗逆性育种,一直沿用单一生态条件系谱法处理组合后代,致使组合后代主要目标性状基因很难同时表达,遗传类型不能充分表现[1-2],选择的盲目性大,低世代入选材料基本稳定后拿到不同生态条件下鉴定,往往因不能适应多种复杂的环境条件而被淘汰,造成了人力、物力的严重浪费。根据国内外生态育种[3-4]的经验,结合多年抗旱耐盐碱小麦育种实践,笔者总结创立了两圃平行交替选择耐盐育种方法,应用于冬小麦抗旱耐盐碱丰产新品种选育,利用该项技术先后育成了多个不同类型的抗旱耐盐小麦品种,成效显著。
2 两圃平行交替选择耐盐育种方法的育种程序及优点
两圃平行交替选择耐盐育种方法是在广泛搜集、鉴定研究品种资源基础上,确定优异骨干亲本,通过选种场圃设置,创造抗旱、耐盐、高产小麦基因型充分表达以及促进该性状基因重组和选择的有利环境。……