西方国家权力制约监督理论的发展逻辑

西方国家权力制约监督理论的发展逻辑

谷 志 军

(深圳大学当代中国政治研究所，深圳 518060)

[摘要]权力制约监督是西方政治思想史中的核心问题，从古希腊的先哲们到现当代的理论家们都在孜孜求索。通过对西方政治思想的梳理发现，西方国家权力制约监督理论的发展遵循着清晰的逻辑：古希腊、罗马时期形成的混合政体理论成为西方国家权力制约监督的理论基础，近代资产阶级革命时期形成的权力分立理论构成了西方国家权力制约监督的理论精髓，二者的结合形成了均衡政制理论实践并在此基础上最终发展出了为西方各国所普遍接受的制约平衡理论。分工、协调与制衡是西方国家权力制约监督的三大要义，三者的有效结合标志着权力制约监督理论的完善。

[关键词]政治分工；混合政体；权力分立；均衡政制；制约平衡

[中图分类号]D523.4

[文献标识码]A

[文章编号]1671-6922(2015)06-0084-06

DOI[]10.13322/j.cnki.fjsk.2015.06.017

Abstract：Checks and balances are key issue in the history of western political thought, which made ongoing exploration from the sages of ancient Greece to the political theorists of contemporary era. Through the sort of western political thought we found that the development of checks and balances theory in western countries followed clear logic: the mixed government theory which formed in ancient Greece and Roman became the theoretical basis of checks and balances in western countries, the separation of powers theory which formed in modern bourgeois revolution constituted the theoretical essence of checks and balances in western countries, and the combination of both theories formed the practice of balanced constitution theory and on this basis it eventually developed the theory of checks and balances that by western countries generally accepted. So to speak, division, coordination and restriction are three elements of checks and balances in western countries, and the effective integration of those elements marked the improvement of checks and balances theory.

[收稿日期]2015-07-09 2015-07-12

[作者简介]胡卫卫(1990-)，男，硕士研究生。研究方向：廉政建设和生态文明。 胡洪彬(1981-)，男，副教授，博士研究生。研究方向：马克思主义中国化。

通讯作者*为。

Developmental logic of checks and balances theory in western countries

GU Zhi-jun

(ContemporaryChinesePoliticsResearchInstitute,ShenzhenUniversity,Shenzhen518060,China)

Key words： political division; mixed government; separation of powers; balanced constitution; checks and balances

权力是政治的核心，如何“把权力关进制度的笼子里”是政治发展的核心问题。在西方政治思想史上，政治理论家们所作的全部努力就在于要保证权力行使受到制约监督，使权力不致摧毁其有意促进的社会价值。不过，基于对人性的思考和认识，孟德斯鸠就认为：“一切有权力的人都容易滥用权力，这是万古不易的一条经验。……