矮壮素对大丽花生长发育和生理特性的影响

孙少兴　姚延梼

摘 要：以大丽花高生型品种‘丽人为试材，采用叶面喷施法，研究矮壮素（PP333和DPC）不同施用浓度、不同时间对其生长发育和部分生理指标的影响，结果表明：喷施浓度以 900 mg·L-1效果最好，PP333 株高较CK降低了近 1/3；节间长较CK 缩短4.60 cm；茎粗较CK增加了24.06%；DPC 效果稍差。用PP333 900 mg·L-1浓度处理 80 d，叶片叶绿素含量最高 （1.971 mg·L-1），比CK提高了136.90%，用PP333 和DPC喷施，浓度为900 mg·L-1 80 d时，叶片可溶性糖含量达最大值， 为9.163，9.173 mg·L-1。说明喷施多效唑和缩节胺可显著影响大丽花生长发育和生理特性，促进其发育，增强其抗逆性，使大丽花的株型、观赏价值和开花品质得到明显改善。

关键词： 大丽花；生长发育；生理特性；矮壮素

中图分类号： S682.2+61 文献标识码：A DOI 编码：10.3969/j.issn.1006-6500.2014.09.029

Abstract： By adopting "Lee Ren" which was the high productive species of the Dahlia pinnata Cav.， undertaking the leaf surface fertilizer spraying method to research different density and the period impact of chlomequt chloride on the physiological characteristics and the growth development. The results showed that， when the spraying density was 900 mg·L-1 had the best performance and PP333 CK value decreased about 1/3，the length compared with CK shortened about 4.60 cm， the diameter of the CK increased about 24.06% and the DPC effect was not good. When applying PP333 900 mg·L-1 density to treat the 80 d， the highest content of chlorophyll（1.575 mg·L-1） was increased 89%.Compared with CK， and by adopting the PP333 and DPC， when the density was 900 mg·L-1， the leaf contained soluble sugar volume were at the peak， that was 9.163 and 9.173 mg·L-1. The above results indicate that by spraying different fertilizers could impact the growth development and physiological characteristics of the Dahlia pinnata Cav. to improve its growth， to assure the ornamental value and apparently improved its quality.

Key words： Dahlia pinnata Cav.；growth development； physiological characteristic； chlormequat chloride

大丽花（Dahlia pinnata Cav.），又叫大丽菊、东洋菊、天竺牡丹，属菊科多年生草本。目前，世界上多数国家均有栽植，是世界上花卉品种最多的物种之一，品种已超过3万个。它是墨西哥的国花，原产墨西哥海拔1 500 m的地方，我国引种始于400多年前，它能适应我国不同气候及土质，在南方5—11月开放，如温度适宜可全年开花不断。大丽花生长快，喜土壤疏松、肥沃，喜光及湿润，忌积水，易管理，好繁殖，被选为吉林省的省花、河北省张家口市的市花，花形与国色天香的牡丹相似，色彩瑰丽多彩，惹人喜爱，具有极高的观赏和生产价值[1]。

大丽花品种多为高生型，易出现倒伏折茎现象，适于盆栽的矮生型大丽花品种较少，因此，需对其进行矮化[2-3]，本试验以大丽花品种‘丽人为材料，采用植物生长延缓剂矮壮素，结合前人给定的浓度范围，在株高一定的情况下进行叶面喷施。……