陈鼎 张艳斌 王维



摘要:采用扫描电镜,X射线衍射仪以及高温蠕变试验机等试验手段研究了Y含量对Mg5.5Zn重力铸造镁合金抗蠕变性能和应力指数的影响.结果表明:随着Y含量的增加,Mg5.5Zn合金中依次出现了Mg7Zn3,Mg3Zn6Y(I相)和Mg3Zn3Y2(W相)3种不同类型的强化相,而合金中第二相种类、体积分数发生变化,导致抗蠕变性不断提高.在同样的蠕变条件下,高熔点稀土相比低熔点Mg7Zn3相更能降低合金的稳态蠕变速率.Mg5.5Zn(0.7,1.5,3.5)Y(wt%)3种合金在175 ℃/50~60 MPa下的应力指数n分别为5.2,3.2和2.2,在200 ℃/50~60 MPa下应力指数n分别为11.0,3.8和2.9.Mg5.5Zn0.7Y合金在175 ℃/55 MPa和200 ℃/55 MPa条件下的蠕变机制分别为位错攀移和PowerLaw方程失效.Mg5.5Zn(1.5,3.5)Y两种合金在175~200 ℃/50~60 MPa范围下的蠕变机制是位错粘滞运动.
关键词:蠕变抗力;MgZnY;第二相;稀土Y; 蠕变机制
中图分类号:TG146.2;TG111.8 文献标识码:A
Abstract:The effect of earth element Y addition on the creep properties and creep stress exponent of Mg5.5Zn gravity cast magnesium alloy was investigated by using scanning electron microscopy(SEM),Xray diffraction(XRD) and creep property testing at elevated temperature. The results show that, with the increase of yttrium content in Mg5.5Zn (wt%)alloy ,three second phases,Mg7Zn3,Mg3Zn6Y(Iphase)and Mg3Zn3Y2(Wphase), are found. The variety categories and the increasing volume fraction of the second phase cause the increase of the creep resistance obviously. Compared with Mg7Zn3 phase, rare earth phases have a high melting point and it have a stronger effect for reducing the creep rate of alloy in the same given creep conditions. When the applied stresses are 50~60 MPa at the temperature 448 K, the calculated stress exponent n is 5.2, 3.2, and 2.2, respectively for the ascast Mg5.5ZnΧ%Y(Χ=0.7,1.5,3.5)alloys. The results indicate that the rate controlling mechanism of Mg5.5Zn0.7Y alloy at 175 ℃/55 MPa and 200 ℃/55 MPa is respectively the dislocation creep and power law breakdown,and the creep mechanism of Mg5.5Zn(1.5,3.5)Y two alloys is dislocation viscous motion at the applied stresses of 50~60 MPa and the temperature of 448~473 K.
Key words: creep resistance;MgZnY; second phase; ytterbium; creep mechanism
镁合金高温抗蠕变性能不足成为限制镁合金应用于航空、汽车等工业的关键零部件(如发动机)材料的主要问题之一 [1] .研究表明:MgZnY系合金中存在3种三元平衡相,即,I相(Mg3Zn6Y),W相(Mg3Zn3Y2)和 X相(Mg12ZnY)[23],其中准晶I相熔点为450 ℃,W相熔点为510 ℃[45].并且MgZnY系合金表现出超高的室温和高温强度而一直是人们研究的热点[6].目前,很多高强度耐热镁合金都以MgZn合金作为基体,例如:MgZnRE系的ZE41,ZE63和MgZnCu系的ZC62,ZC63.ZE系列合金在150~200 ℃具有很好的抗蠕变极限.MgZnCu合金是迄今商业化应用比较成功的MgZn系合金,在150 ℃以下的高温性能较好[7].Boehlert C J[8]对MgZn系合金的研究发现,在同等条件下Mg4.1Zn0.2Y的蠕变应变远小于Mg2.9Zn,Mg3.3Zn和Mg4.1Zn合金.Garcesa G等[9]研究了铸态Mg97Y2Zn1 (at.%)合金蠕变性能,结果表明在300 ℃/40 MPa条件下,由于存在长周期X相(Mg12ZnY),导致铸态Mg97Y2Zn1(at.%)合金比WE系列及MgGdScMn合金表现出更好的抗蠕变……