行为转变阶段护理模式应用于外科手术患者的效果观察

王赛平　祝胜美

[摘要] 目的 探讨外科手术患者采用行为转变阶段模式管理的临床疗效。 方法 选取2013年2月～2014年4月期间我院接受治疗的122例患者，采用随机数表法分为观察组和对照组，各61例。对照组患者给予常规护理，观察组患者给予行为转变阶段模式护理，对比两组患者术后疼痛程度和恢复情况。 结果 观察组首次下床时间、肛门排气时间、住院时间均明显低于对照组，24 h睡眠时间、48 h睡眠时间长于对照组， 差异具有统计学意义（P<0.05）。观察组术后12 h、1 d、3 d、5 d VAS评分均明显低于对照组，差异具有统计学意义（P<0.05）。 结论 行为转变阶段模式能明显改善外科手术患者生活质量，缓解术后疼痛，促进患者康复，可在临床上进一步推广和使用。

[关键词] 外科手术；行为转变阶段模式；护理

[中图分类号] R473.6 [文献标识码] B [文章编号] 1673-9701（2015）21-0136-04

[Abstract] Objective To investigate the clinical efficacy of behavioral change stage model management applied in surgical patients. Methods All 122 patients who were treated in our hospital from February 2013 to April 2014 were selected and divided into the observation group and the control group using the random number table method， with 61 patients in each group. The control group was given conventional nursing， and the observation group was given behavioral change stage model nursing. The postoperative pain degree and recovery situation of the two groups were compared. Results The observation group was significantly lower than the control group in the first getting out-of-bed time， anal exhaust time and length of hospital stay， the 24-hour sleep time and 48-hour sleep time of observation group was higher than the control group， with statistically significant differences（P<0.05）. The postoperative 12-hour， 1-day， 3-day and 5-day VAS scores of the observation group was significantly lower than the control group， with statistically significant differences（P<0.05）. Conclusion Behavioral change stage model can significantly improve surgical patients' life quality， relieve postoperative pain and promote rehabilitation， thereby worthy of further promotion and application.

[Key words] Surgical operation； Behavioral change stage model； Nursing

外科手术具有一定组织破坏性，术后易引发疼痛感，影响患者恢复[1]。术后疼痛是外科手术患者常见的症状，造成疼痛的主要原因是由于皮肤的缝线引起伤口肿胀，剧烈持续的疼痛会使患者产生不安、焦虑、食欲不振和失眠等，减缓了疾病的恢复，严重影响患者的生活质量。因此应当给予外科手术患者有效的药物治疗和止痛方法，并给予其系统化的护理干预措施以减轻患者的疼痛。随着护理模式的创新和应用，人们逐渐意识到护理干预对术后恢复的重要性。行为转变阶段护理模式是一种着眼于行为变化过程和对象需求的过程，这一理论认为人的行为转变是一个复杂、连续、渐进的过程，并将其分为准备、犹豫不决、准备、行动和维持五个阶段。通过这种逐步满足患者需求的护理方式，使患者感受到护理带来的益处。本研究对外科手术患者进行行为转变阶段模式护理，旨在明确该护理模式对术后恢复和疼痛管理的应用价值。……