江汉平原杂交棉施肥效果及推荐施肥量研究

2015-08-13 14:15:00王素萍等
湖北农业科学 2015年12期

王素萍等

摘要:开展了棉田肥料效应试验,设置了氮、磷、钾3因素4水平的田间试验。结果表明,在一定范围内施用肥料有显著的增产效果。其中氮肥增产效果最明显,增产子棉527 kg/hm2,增产率为18.3%,纯增收入1 770元/hm2;磷肥经济效益最佳,增产子棉453 kg/hm2,增产率为14.8%,纯增收入1 996元/hm2;钾肥增产子棉324 kg/hm2,增产率为10.4%,纯增收入323元/hm2。拟合一元二次肥料效应模型,并结合试验实际情况,确定江汉平原棉田推荐施肥量,氮、磷和钾的最高产量施用量分别为322、157和245 kg/hm2,最佳经济施用量分别为230、135和110 kg/hm2。

关键词:棉花(Gossypium spp.); 施肥效果; 推荐施肥量; 肥料利用率

中图分类号:S562 文献标识码:A 文章编号:0439-8114(2015)12-2850-03

DOI:10.14088/j.cnki.issn0439-8114.2015.12.010

The Effect of Fertilization and Fertilizer Recommendation

on Hybrid Cotton in Jianghan Plain

WANG Su-ping1,CHEN Gang1,LU Jian-wei2,LI Xiao-kun2,HONG Juan1,HUANG Xiang1,LI Bin3,ZOU Jia-long3

(1. Wuhan Institute of Agricultural Sciences,Wuhan 430345,China; 2.Resources and Environment College of Huazhong Agricultural University, Wuhan 430070,China; 3. Jingzhou Soil and Fertilizer Station of Hubei Province,Jingzhou 434020,Hubei,China)

Abstract: Studied the fertilization effects of cotton to provide scientific guidance to fertilization. Set up three factors (nitrogen,phosphorus and potassium),4 levels and 10 treatments. The result showed that the economic benefit of phosphorus fertilization on cotton yield was the largest, the next was nitrogen fertilization and potassium fertilization was the smallest.The highest increment of nitrogen,phosphorus and potassium was separately 527,453 and 324 kg/hm2, which were accordingly 18.3%,14.8% and 10.4% higher than the control. The net income of nitrogen, phosphorus and potassium was 1 770,1 996 and 323 kg/hm2 respectively.According to the model of fertilizer effect, it would reach the highest yield when nitrogen,phosphorus and potassium application rate was 322 kg/hm2,157 kg/hm2 and 245 kg/hm2, and the highest profit would be gotten when nitrogen,phosphorus and potassium application rate were 230 kg/hm2,135 kg/hm2 and 110 kg/hm2.

Key words: cotton(Gossypium spp.); effect of fertilization; fertilizer recommendation; utilization ratio of fertilizers

中国棉花(Gossypium spp.)种植主要集中在长江流域、黄河流域和西北内陆。湖北省属于长江流域棉区,是产棉大省也是用棉大省,棉花生产对湖北省经济发展作用重大[1],江汉平原是湖北省的棉花主产区。近年来,高产棉花品种更新换代很快,而针对棉花新品种的施肥技术包括施肥量及养分配比等方面的研究缺乏跟进,棉农根据经验盲目施肥现象较为普遍。前人研究表明,正确增补养分是农作物增产增收的有效措施[2,3],但盲目地施肥不仅造成肥料浪费和环境污染[4],甚至导致棉花生长不良,造成减产减收严重[5]。因此,针对主要棉区研究合理的施肥技术非常必要。

为给江汉平原棉花生产提供科学施肥指导,促进棉花增产增收,2008年在江汉平原主要棉区(荆州市)布置了棉田肥料效应试验。本研究分析了氮、磷、钾肥的不同用量和配比对棉花产量和经济效益的影响,分析了棉田中肥料的农学利用率,得出氮、磷、钾肥的增产效果,并拟合一元二次肥料效应模型,结合试验实际情况,确定棉田的最高产量施肥量和最佳经济施肥量。……

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