高佳琦 沈天琦 朱晓晨
摘要:根据南京市暴雨强度公式,计算得出2、5、10、20、50年一遇的降水分别在20 min、40 min、1 h、2 h、 3 h的降水量;然后根据土地利用数据、DEM数据、建筑密度等,将降水量代入修正的SCS水文模型,计算得出在不同重现期内不同历时的淹没水深;最后由淹没水深跟灾损率的关系得出南京市暴雨脆弱性分布,并对计算结果进行分析。结果表明,南京市鼓楼区及其周围地区的淹没水深较大,脆弱性与淹没水深相关性较大,但是脆弱性不完全由淹没水深决定,会出现淹没水深高脆弱性低和淹没水深低脆弱性高的现象。
关键词:暴雨内涝;脆弱性;灾害损失;南京主城区
中图分类号:TP391;P426.616 文献标识码:A 文章编号:0439-8114(2015)12-2891-05
DOI:10.14088/j.cnki.issn0439-8114.2015.12.020
Study of the Vulnerability of Nanjing City Rainstorm Waterlogging Disaster Based on GIS
GAO Jia-qia,SHEN Tian-qib,ZHU Xiao-Chenb
(Nanjing University of Information Science and Technology,
a. College of Atmospheric Sciences; b. College of Geography and Remote Sensing, Nanjing 210044, China)
Abstract:According to the formula of the rainstorm intensity in Nanjing city,we first get the heaviest precipitation in 20 min,40 min,1 h,2 h and 3 h in 2,5,10,20 and 50 years. With the land usage date,DEM data and building density,we put precipitation into the revised SCS hydrology model to calculate the inundation depth within different repeated periods that have different duration. In the end,we get the rainstorm vulnerability distribution of Nanjing city according to the relationship between inundation depth and disaster loss rate and further analyse the calculated results. The results of the study are shown below.There is a greater inundation depth in Gulou district of Nanjing and its adjacent areas. A great correlation occurs between vulnerability and inundation depth but the vulnerability are not completely decided by the inundation depth. There is a chance that high inundation depth and low vulnerability or low inundation depth and high vulnerability occur at the same time.
Key words: waterlogging; vulnerability; disaster losses; Nanjing city
近年来,暴雨造成的城市内涝灾害日益突出,不仅加重了城市的防汛排涝的任务,对经济建设和人民生活也造成较大影响[1]。暴雨内涝灾害是由于雨量过多,地势低洼,积水不能及时排除而形成的自然灾害[2]。短历时的高强度暴雨和长历时的持续性暴雨往往造成城市内涝积水[3-6]。一般来说,很难通过改变自然灾害自身属性(发生的概率、强度等)来降低灾害风险,但通过减少暴雨内涝灾害脆弱性来降低灾害风险却是可行的,也是最有效的[7]。
提到脆弱性,就会有敏感性、恢复力、适应性、易损性、暴露性、应对能力、适应性等很多相关的概念[8]。关于脆弱性的概念很多人有不同的看法,Turner等[9]认为脆弱性是指系统、子系统或系统组成部分由于暴露于灾害而可能遭受损害的程度。……