幼苗期不同烤烟品种对氮营养响应的差异研究

刘巧真等

摘要：采用沙培方式，研究了氮素浓度对不同烤烟品种幼苗生物学特性的影响。结果表明，幼苗期不同烤烟品种对氮营养响应存在显著差异，生物产量、总根表面积和叶片叶绿素SPAD值受氮素浓度影响较大，在低氮浓度条件下，不同烤烟品种差异最大，随氮素浓度的增加，品种差异缩小。低氮浓度条件下的豫烟7号（Nicotiana tabacum L. cv. Yuyan No.7）和豫烟9号（N.tabacum cv. Yuyan No.9）幼苗具有相对较高的生物产量、总根表面积和叶片叶绿素SPAD值，而中烟100（N.tabacum cv. Zhongyan 100）幼苗相对较低。生物产量氮素反应指数表明，豫烟9号幼苗在中低氮素条件下，对氮素浓度变化较敏感，中烟100和豫烟5号（N.tabacum cv. Yuyan No.5）幼苗在中高氮素水平下，对氮素浓度变化较敏感。因此，幼苗期在很大程度上可以反映出不同烤烟品种的氮营养差异。

关键词：烤烟；幼苗期；氮素营养；生物产量；氮素反应指数

中图分类号：S572；S505.1；S311 文献标识码：A 文章编号：0439-8114（2015）10-2950-04

DOI：10.14088/j.cnki.issn0439-8114.2015.12.036

Study on Response of Different Flue-Cured Tobacco to Nitrogen Nutrition at Seedling Stage

LIU Qiao-zhen， GUO Fang-yang， LIANG Tao， CAO Hua-min， WU Zhao-hui， YAN Xiao-mao， CHEN Ting-gui

（Tobacco Research Institute of Henan Academy of Agricultural Sciences / Tobacco Research Institute Henan Provincial Tobacco Company， Xuchang 461000， Henan， China）

Abstract：The effects of nitrogen nutrition on the biological characters of different flue-cured tobacco breeds were studied by sand culture. The results showed that the response to nitrogen nutrition of different flue-cured tobacco at seedling stage differed obviously， as biological yield， root surface area and chlorophyll SPAD value of leaf blade were strongly affected by the content of nitrogen content. The difference was the highest under low nitrogen content； and with nitrogen content increasing， the difference lessen. The biological yield， root surface area and chlorophyll SPAD value of leaf blade of Nicotiana tabacum L. cv. Yuyan No.7 and N. tabacum cv. Yuyan No.9 were higher than those of other's； while of N. tabacum cv. Zhongyan 100 was lower. The response index of biological yield showed that N. tabacum cv. Yuyan No.9 was sensitive to nitrogen nutrition under low and medium nitrogen concentration level； while N. tabacum cv. Zhongyan 100's and N. tabacum cv. Yuyan No.5's was sensitive under medium and high nitrogen concentration level. Thus the difference of nitrogen nutrition of different flue-cured tobacco breeds could be revealed at seedling stage.

Key words： flue-cured tobacco； seedling stage； nitrogen nutrition； biological yield； nitrogen response index

氮素是烟草（Nicotiana tabacum L.）叶片产量、品质形成中最重要的营养元素之一，适宜的氮素营养条件才能生产出优质的烟叶[1]。近年来，部分烟区烤烟新品种的推广阻力较大，其中一个主要原因就是与新品种氮素营养特性掌握不全、施肥不当、造成品种特性无法充分展现有关[2]。了解烤烟新品种氮素营养特性，可以有效指导烟叶生产，同时掌握种质资源的氮素营养特性，也更利于有目的的开展育种工作[3]。李天福等[4，5]、梁景霞等[6]、杨铁钊等[7]研究团队分别在大田条件和水培条件下，对部分烤烟品种和种质资源进行了氮素营养基因型差异研究。……