任玉兰等
摘要:为考察土茯苓中总生物碱提取的最佳工艺,采用了L9(34)正交试验法,用电位滴定法改进指示剂法指示酸碱滴定终点来测定总生物碱含量,分别探索了乙醇索氏提取法和酸水浸泡法的最佳工艺。结果表明,酸水浸泡法优于索氏提取法,其最佳提取工艺条件为用pH 1、料液比为1∶14(g∶mL)、浸泡提取5 h、提取2次。在该工艺条件下进行了总生物碱的提取,总生物碱含量测定为0.054 8%,RSD为2.02%,该工艺合理、重现性好,为土茯苓总生物碱的提取提供了参考依据。
关键词:土茯苓;总生物碱;提取工艺;电位滴定法
中图分类号:R284.2;S567.1+9 文献标识码:A 文章编号:0439-8114(2015)12-2994-03
DOI:10.14088/j.cnki.issn0439-8114.2015.12.049
Study on Extraction Technology of Alkaloid in Smilax glabra Roxb
REN Yu-lan, LI Xiao-ling, YOU Jia, CHEN Jia-lin,JIANG Rui
(College of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Mudanjiang Normal University, Mudanjiang 157012 ,Heilongjiang,China)
Abstract: The optimum extraction conditions of total alkaloids in Smilax glabra Roxb were studied by using L9(34) orthogonal experiment. The content of total alkaloids were determined by potentiometric titration method. The extraction efficiencies of ethanol soxhlet extraction method and acid water soaking method were compared. The results showed that acid water soaking method is superior to soxhlet extraction method. The optimal extraction technology of total alkaloids in Smilax glabra Roxb were pH 1, ratio of material liquid 1:14, extracting twice and each time for 5h. By this method, the content of total alkaloids in Smilax glabra Roxb was 0.054 8%, the relative standard deviation was 2.02%. This technology is reasonable and its repeatability was good,which could provide reference for extraction technology of Smilax glabra Roxb.
Key words: Smilax glabra Roxb; alkaloid; extraction technology; potentiometric titration method
生物碱是一类含氮的有机化合物,有类似碱的性质,是植物药有效成分中非常重要的一类。大多数生物碱均有复杂的环状结构,氮原子绝大多数结合在环上(即氮杂环),具有光学活性,呈现显著的生理活性,具有抗炎、抗菌、抗病毒、保肝、抗癌等药理作用[1-5]。中国早在两三千年前就已使用含生物碱的中草药进行治疗,如从乌头属(Aconitum L.)16种植物中分离得到的40多种二萜生物碱具有止痛作用;从麻黄(Ephedra sinica Stapf)中提取的麻黄碱有松弛支气管平滑肌、收缩血管、升高血压及中枢兴奋作用;从钩藤(Uncaria rhynchophylla(Miq.)Miq. ex Havil.)中提出的钩藤碱有降血压、安神和镇静作用;从喜树(Camptotheca acuminata Decne.)中提出的喜树碱具有抗癌作用,用于治疗胃癌、肠癌和白血病等。
土茯苓为百合科植物光叶菝葜(Smilax corbularia Kunth)的干燥根茎,多年生常绿攀缘状灌木,多生于山坡或林下,分布于中国安徽、浙江、江西、福建、湖南、湖北、广东、广西、四川、云南等地。……