精神卫生专科医院急诊重性精神疾病2000例流行病学特征分析

李超+潘润德+黄海波+吴江+刘桂胜+马寿强+邓江泳

【摘要】目的分析广西精神卫生专科医院急诊重性精神疾病患者流行病学的特点，为合理调配急诊资源，构建精神卫生专科医院急诊科模式提供科学依据。方法采用前瞻性资料收集的方法，对2013年1月至2014年12月在广西精神卫生专科医院急诊科就诊的2000例重性精神疾病患者的性别、年龄、就诊时间、病程、就诊方式、交通运载手段、住院次数、服药情况、主要疾病、合并躯体疾病、急诊科处理情况、去向等项目进行调查统计分析。结果急诊重性精神疾病患者男女比例为1.35∶1；高发年龄段为19～59岁；一天中就诊高峰时段为18：00～24：00；前3位的主要疾病依次为精神分裂症、情感障碍、精神发育迟滞伴发精神障碍；重性精神疾病合并躯体疾病占22.50%；收住院治疗率为84.05%。结论合理调配急诊资源，提高重性精神疾病诊疗水平，为构建精神卫生专科医院急诊科模式提供科学依据，方能不断适应社会发展的需要。

【关键词】重性精神疾病；流行病学；专科医院；急诊科模式

中图分类号：R749 文献标识码：ADOI：10.3969/j.issn.10031383.2015.03.004

Analysis of epidemiological characteristics of severe mental illness of 2000 cases

in emergency department of specialized hospital for mental health

LI Chao，PAN Runde，HUANG Haibo，WU Jiang，LIU Guisheng，MA Shouqiang，DENG Jiangyong

（Emergency Department，Guangxi Zhuang Autonomous Region

Brain Hospital，Liuzhou 545005，Guangxi，China）

【Abstract】ObjectiveTo analyze epidemiological characteristics of patients with severe mental illness in emergency department of specialized hospital for mental health in Guangxi，so as to provide scientific basis for allocating resource reasonably，and for structuring emergency department mode of specialized hospital for mental health.MethodsData of 2000 severe mental illness patients who went to see doctor in emergency department of specialized hospital for mental health in Guangxi from January，2013 to December，2014 was prospectively collected.Then，items about all of the patients were investigated，counted and analyzed.These items were listed as follows：genders，ages，course of disease，treatment time，treatment methods，means of transportation，times of hospitalization，medication situation，major diseases，severe mental illness associated with somatic diseases，emergency treatment，and places where they went.Results Maletofemale ratio of the patients with severe mental illness was 1.35∶1；peak incidence of the disease appeared in 19 to 59 years old；peak period of seeing doctor in the day was from 18：00 to 24：00；main diseases in the top 3 were schizophrenia，disturbance of emotion，and mental retardation associated with disturbance of emotion；severe mental illness associated with somatic diseases accounted for 22.50%，and treatment rate was 84.05%.ConclusionOnly by allocating resource reasonably，improving the level of diagnosis and treatment of severe mental illness，and providing scientific basis for structuring emergency department mode of specialized hospital for mental health can adapt to the needs of social development.endprint

【Key words】severe mental disease；epidemiology；specialized hospital；emergency department mode

急诊医学是临床医学领域中新兴的一门学科，精神卫生专科医院急诊是临床精神病学的一个组成部分，也是急诊医学的一个分支。精神卫生专科医院急诊科是医院面向社会的重要窗口，承担着一定地区人民群众的急诊医疗服务工作，人们对急诊诊疗水平的要求也越来越高。为进一步提高精神卫生专科医院重性精神疾病急诊诊疗水平，优化本地区精神卫生专科医院急诊资源，为构建精神卫生专科医院急诊科模式提供科学依据，本文分析了精神卫生专科医院急诊重性精神疾病病例的流行病学特征，报道如下。……