史明山 孙海昆 肖磊 焦宏业 王磊 史丽丽 陈洁
摘 要:为使人们较系统、深入的认识焚烧秸秆对玉米及其田内土壤系统的影响。本文综述了焚烧秸秆对玉米种子萌发、幼苗生长、光合作用、产量及其病虫害的影响,且从土壤水分、养分、土壤酶活性及动物群落等方面分析了土壤系统对焚烧秸秆的响应。
关键词:焚烧秸秆;玉米;土壤系统;生理生态效应
中图分类号:S513 文献标识码:A DOI 编码:10.3969/j.issn.1006-6500.2015.09.011
Ecological and Physiological Effects of Brning Straw on Corn and Its Soil System
SHI Ming-shan,SUN Hai-kun,XIAO Lei,JIAO Hong-ye,WANG Lei,SHI Li-li,CHEN Jie
(Handan Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Handan, Hebei 056001,China)
Abstract:Burning straw will cause environmental pollution and it also have a negative impact on the soil system and crop . This paper reviewed the effects of burning straw on corn seed germination, seedling growth, photosynthesis, yield and insect pests, moreover, the responses of soil system to burning straw were analysed from the moisture, nutrient, enzyme activity and animal community in the soil in order to make people know more systematic, in-depth effects of straw burning on corn and soil system in corn field.
Key words:straw burning; corn; soil system; ecological and physiological effects
小麦、玉米是我国北方两大主要农作物,以轮作种植方式为主,一般小麦收获籽粒后种植秋玉米。由于农忙的制约、人们生活水平的提高以及农业耕作方式的转变等因素[1],原先作为生物质的小麦秸秆会被人为就地焚烧,造成环境污染[2-3],甚至可能促进霾的形成[4],危害人类及社会。此外,焚烧秸秆还会释放大量热量,使地面急剧升温,对农田系统及田内作物产生一定影响[5]。近年来,许多学者关于焚烧秸秆对玉米及田内土壤系统的影响产生了兴趣,并开展了相关研究,取得了一定进展。笔者对此作一综述,旨在让人们较系统、深入地认识焚烧秸秆对玉米及其田内土壤系统的影响。
1 焚烧秸秆对玉米的影响
1.1 对玉米种子萌发及幼苗生长的影响
露天焚烧秸秆会对土壤系统产生一定影响,而土壤是农作物赖以生存的基质[6]。因此,秸秆的燃烧必然会引起农田作物萌发及生长状况发生相应改变。研究表明,焚烧秸秆不利于玉米种子萌发及幼苗生长。表现为:种子发芽率、发芽指数显著下降,而发芽势明显提高,可能是由于植物对环境表现的应激反应。……