基于ISM与FMECA的加工中心故障分析

孙曙光等

摘要：故障分析是实现加工中心可靠性水平增长的重要环节，因此提高故障分析的准确性至关重要.鉴于此，本文首先充分考虑加工中心故障子系统间影响关系，基于ISM法构建递阶结构模型，使得关联故障子系统间复杂影响关系层次化，以求得深层故障子系统，确定可靠性改进薄弱环节.其次对所得薄弱环节进行FMECA分析，进而确定关键故障模式，为提高加工中心可靠性奠定基础.最后以某系列加工中心现场故障数据为研究对象进行实例研究，证明了ISM和FMECA法在加工中心故障分析中的准确有效性.

关键词：加工中心；ISM；FMECA；故障分析

中图分类号：TG659 文献标识码：A

Failure Analysis of Machining Center Based on ISM and FMECA

SUN Shuguang1，2， SHEN Guixiang1，ZHANG Yingzhi1，

WANG Xiaoyan3， QI Xiaoyan1，4，WU Maokun1

（1. College of Mechanical Science and Engineering，Jilin Univ， Changchun，Jilin130022，China；

2.College of Management Science and Engineering， Shandong Normal Univ， Jinan，Shandong250000，China；

3. College of Electronic Engineering， Shenyang Aerospace Univ， Shenyang，Liaoning110136，China；

4.Dept of Aircraft and Driving Force， Aviation Univ of Air Force， Changchun， Jilin130022，China）

Abstract： Failure analysis is an important part of realizing the growth of machining center reliability level， so it is important to improve the accuracy of failure analysis. In view of this， this paper first considered the relationship and influence among failure subsystem elements of machining center， constructed the hierarchical structure model based on ISM method， made clear the class of interrelated failure subsystem， found out the deep failure subsystem elements and determined the weak link in the reliability improvement. Secondly， it analyzed the subsystem with FMECA， and determined the critical failure modes of the subsystem and laid a foundation for improving the reliability of machining center. Finally， it did the case study based on the field failure data of a series of machining center. The result has proved that the above method is accurate and effective in the failure analysis of machining center.

Key words：machining center； ISM；FMECA；failure analysis

加工中心作为复杂机电一体化产品，其功能先进性和结构复杂性导致内部故障存在关联性，一个单元或子系统发生故障，可能导致系统其他部分出现故障，引起多米诺效应，严重影响其可靠性[1].因此，进行故障关联分析并找出故障传播对系统影响的有效方法以阻止该情况发生很有必要.

近年来国内外学者对故障关联的研究主要集中于单向关联故障的研究.有基于可靠性模型的串联相关故障分析和共因失效分析等[2-5].对于双向故障关联性的研究还较少涉足，在文献[1]中，采用自相关矩阵考虑各因素间直接关系的同时却忽视了多层次故障传递链条中因素间的间接关联关系.而作为复杂系统分析方法的重要方法——解释结构模型（Interpretative Structural Modeling，ISM）却能考虑系统各故障子系统间……