苦荞EMS诱变群体的创建及农艺性状分析

邓琳琼 张以忠

摘要：利用化学诱变剂甲基磺酸乙酯 （ethyl methane sulfonate，EMS） 诱变处理苦荞（Fagopyrum tataricum （L.） Gaertn）种子，对M2代突变材料进行生物学性状与农艺性状鉴定和分析，M3代材料进一步验证。结果表明，试验获得了叶片肥大、早熟、晚熟、小粒、矮秆和黄化6种稳定遗传的突变体。叶片肥大、早熟和晚熟突变体的株高、主茎分枝数、主茎节数、株粒数、株粒重和千粒重与对照间均无显著差异。矮秆突变体的株高和主茎分支数以及小粒突变体的株粒重和千粒重显著低于对照，其他性状与对照间差异不显著。黄化突变体的株高与对照无显著差异，主茎分枝数、主茎节数、株粒数、株粒重和千粒重均显著低于对照。

关键词：苦荞（Fagopyrum tataricum （L.） Gaertn）；甲基磺酸乙酯；突变体；农艺性状

中图分类号：S517 文献标识码：A 文章编号：0439-8114（2015）14-3343-05

DOI：10.14088/j.cnki.issn0439-8114.2015.14.004

Construction and Agronomic Traits Analysis of Mutant Population from Tartary Buckwheat Induced by Ethyl Methane Sulfonate（EMS）

DENG Lin-qiong，ZHANG Yi-zhong

（Ecological Engineering School，Guizhou University of Engineering Science， Bijie 551700， Guizhou， China）

Abstract： The seeds of tartary buckwheat were treated by chemica1 mutagen ethyl methane sulfonate （EMS） to construct a mutant population. The biological and agronomic characters were identified and analyzed in M2 generation. M3 generation materials were further verified. The results showed that six types of stable genetic mutants（big leaf， premature， late maturity， small grain， dwarf and albino plant） were gotten. There were no significant differences for the plant height， the branches of main stem， the nodes of main stem， the seeds per plant， the weight per plant and the 1000-seeds weight between the big leaf mutant， premature mutant and late maturing mutant. The plant height and the branches of main stem of the dwarf mutant and the weight per plant and the 1000-seeds weight of the small grain mutant were significant lower than the control materials， whereas the other characters were no significant differences with the control materials. Though the plant height of the albino plant was no significant differences with the control materials， the branches of main stem， the nodes of main stem， the seeds per plant， the weight per plant and the 1000-seeds weight were significant lower than the control materials.

Key words： tartary buckwheat（Fagopyrum tataricum （L.） Gaertn）；ethyl methane sulfonate；mutants；agronomic traits

突变体是某个性状发生可遗传变异或某个基因发生突变的材料，是遗传育种的重要资源，也是开展功能基因研究的重要材料，而且当今功能基因组学所取得的一些成果，也是建立在大量不同类型突变体的基础之上[1-3]。由于自发突变产生突变体的频率非常低，传统育种技术周期长，不能满足当前荞麦生产对优良品种的需求。化学诱变可以大大提高突变频率，加快新种质资源的创制速率。甲基磺酸乙酯（EMS）是目前使用最广泛、效果最好的化学诱变剂，由于其诱变方法简便、诱变频率高、诱变范围广、染色体畸变相对较少、可以对作物的某一种特殊性状及其品质进行改良，因多为显性突变体，易于进行筛选，因此在其他作物上已被广泛利用[4-6]。……