李勇
摘要: 锅炉“四管”的状况,直接与发电机组的安全、稳定息息相关。锅炉一旦发生“四管”泄漏,只有采取被迫停运,增加了电厂的临时性检修,给发电厂造成很大的经济损失。锅炉紧急停炉抢修不仅打乱了电厂的正常发电秩序,减少了发电量,而且增加了工人的劳动强度和额外的检修费用,同时也干扰了电网系统的正常调度,造成了巨大的经济损失。本文简述了“四管”泄漏的主要形式,并结合洛河电厂历年来出现的“四管”泄漏现象,提出了锅炉“四管”的检查经验。
Abstract: The condition of the "four tubes" of boiler is closely and directly related to the security, stability of generating unit. If the "four tube" leakage of boiler happens, the down will be forced adopted to. That increases the temporary repair of power plant, and causes great economic losses for the power plant. The emergency stop and repair of boiler furnace interrupts the normal order of power generation plants, reduces capacity and increases the labor intensity of workers and maintenance costs. At the same time, it also interferes the normal operation of power grid system, causes a huge economic losses. This paper briefly describes the main form of "four tube" leakage. Combined with the "four tube" leakage phenomenon over the years in Luohe power plant, the inspection experience of boiler "four tubes" are put forward.
关键词: 四管;泄漏;原因;检修;经验
Key words: four tubes;leakage;cause;recondition;experience
中图分类号:TK223 文献标识码:A 文章编号:1006-4311(2015)28-0106-04
0 引言
锅炉水冷壁、过热器、再热器和省煤器(简称锅炉“四管”),泄漏次数约占全部锅炉设备事故的40%~60%,甚至80%。锅炉“四管”是火力发电厂锅炉的重要设备之一,分别承担着加热给水、蒸发给水、加热蒸汽、加热做功蒸汽的重要任务,管道既受热又承压,工作条件极其恶劣。在正常运行中,锅炉“四管”发生泄漏,只有采取被迫停运而进行紧急抢修。严重影响了火力发电厂的正常生产,最直接的经济损失为几十万甚至上百万元。“四管”泄漏不仅威胁机组的稳发、满发,同时也是火力发电厂机组的重大隐患。
随着上游煤碳价格不断地上升,火力发电的成本也在不断上升,为了降低发电成本,火力发电厂也开始搭配掺烧煤泥,这给火电厂的“四管”安全运行提出了更高的要求。洛河发电厂6台锅炉在2008年共发生“四管”泄漏14次,2009年发生8次,2010年发生7次,2011年7次,2012年8次,2013年5次,2014年3次。……