杨富章
编者按:短文改错题是难度较大的一个题型,因为该题要求考生发现、判断和改正语法错误,这些错误是不少同学在学习英语时最容易犯的错误,不易察觉。同学们在复习英语时,要特别注意解决那些似是而非、模棱两可的问题。在做短文改错题时,不仅要能将有错误的句子改正过来,还要注意不能把原本正确的句子改错。
1. 动词形,名词数。
(1)动词主要包括两类错误:一是动词的时态和语态错误,二是主谓不一致的错误。如:
Then the trouble started. We cannot open the door. So we asked the policeman for help.
分析:很显然此句子的主时态是一般过去时,因此应该把cannot改为couldnt。
There were a football game on TV last Saturday evening.
分析:句中a football game决定了谓语动词必须用单数,因此应该把were改为was。
(2)名词主要考查单复数混用。如:
Helen is seventeen year old. She is very busy.
分析:“年龄多大了”应该为复数形式,因此应该把year改为years。
2. 还要注意形和副。
形容词和副词主要考查两者之间是否混用,即该用形容词的地方原文用了副词,该用副词的地方原文用了形容词。
(1)副词代替形容词出现在文章当中。如:
During the football season,Helen is much busier than usually.
分析:“与平时相比更忙”,因此需要把usually改为usual。
(2)形容词代替副词出现在文章当中。如:
As the time clock showed one minute and forty-two seconds left in the game,she began cheering excited, “Come on—get going!”
分析:原文意思是说“比赛还剩1分42秒时,她开始兴奋地……”,显然应该把excited改为excitedly,用来修饰动词cheer。
3. 代词格,细领悟。
代词主要考查代词是否多余、遗漏或混用。
(1)代词多余。如:
Dont lose your heart. With the help of the people all over the world,Im sure you will get rid of the sorrow and unhappiness.
分析:lose heart意为“泄气,丧失勇气”,而lose ones heart to sb. /sth. 意為“爱上,钟情于”。原文意思很明显是“别泄气”,因此应该把your去掉。
(2)代词混用。如:
We were living in a big family. We treated each other as brothers and sisters. If any one of them had any difficulty,the other would help him or her out.
分析:应把them改为us,把the other改为others。
(3)代词遗漏。如:
A teacher could make classes lively and interesting.
分析:应该在classes前加his,表示“使他的课堂生动有趣”。
4. 固定搭配要记住。
I have given up smoke. The dog doesnt like the smell.
分析:give up doing sth.是一个固定搭配,因此动词smoke应该改为smoking。