定语从句与其他相似句式的区别

刘欢接

一、定语从句VS状语从句

1.从语法功能角度：定语从句相当于形容词，在句中充当定语，对其前面的名词、代词或先行成分（由主句的一部分或全部來充当）进行修饰或限制；状语从句相当于副词，在句中修饰主句或主句中的动词。判断的关键是：寻找是否有先行词。有先行词的从句是定语从句，无先行词的从句是状语从句。

例1 I am looking forward to the day _____ my daughter can read this book and know my feelings for her.

A. as B. why C. when D. where

解析：选C。考查定语从句。关系副词when引导定语从句，修饰先行词day，在从句中充当时间状语。

例2 It was the middle of the night _____ my father woke me up and told me to watch the football game.

A. that B. as C. which D. when

解析：选D。考查状语从句。when引导时间状语从句。此题易误选A项，原因是把此句看成了强调句型，要注意分析句子成分。

2.从句子结构角度：定语从句关系词后的从句部分句子成分残缺，结构不完整；状语从句引导词后面的从句部分句子成分完整，语意通顺。

例3 I didnt become a serious climber until the fifth grade，_____ I went up to rescue a kite that was stuck in the branches of a tree.

A. when B. where C. which D. why

解析：选A。考查定语从句。该句中的先行词是the fifth grade，在定语从句中充当时间状语，用关系副词when。

例4 Because of the heavy traffic，it was already time for lunch break _____ she got to her office.

A. since B. that C. when D. until

解析：选C。考查状语从句。when引导时间状语从句。

二、定语从句VS名词性从句

1.从语法功能的角度：定语从句相当于形容词，在句中充当定语，对其前面的名词、代词或先行成分（由主句的一部分或全部来充当）进行修饰或限制；名词性从句相当于名词，在整个句子中充当主语、宾语、表语或同位语。

例5 Please send us all the information _____ you have about the candidate for the position.

A. that B. which C. as D. what

解析：选A。考查定语从句。先行词是information，指物，关系词在从句中充当及物动词have的宾语，且先行词用不定代词all修饰，关系词只能用that。

例6 Its good to know_____ the dogs will be well cared for while were away.

A. what B. whose C. which D. that

解析：选D。考查名词性从句。that引导宾语从句。

2.从引导词的角度：定语从句的引导词由其前面的先行词在定语从句中所充当的成分来确定，而名词性从句的引导词由从句内部所缺成分来确定。……