香草兰豆挥发性香气成分比较研究与电子感官图谱绘制

初众　李智　张彦军　姚晶

摘 要 采用感官评定法，结合电子鼻（E-Nose）和顶空固相微萃取-气-质联用（HS-SPME-GC-MS）技术，分析不同产地、年限、等级香草兰豆的挥发性成分，建立香草兰豆种类和品质快速检测方法。结果表明：香草兰豆感官评分由高到低依次为海南2013年一级豆、海南2013年二级豆、科摩罗2013年二级豆、汤加2013年二级豆、海南2012年二级豆、海南2013年三级豆、海南2010年二级豆、海南2011年二级豆。不同产地、年限、等级的香草兰豆挥发性成分的整體信息在电子鼻主成分分析（PCA）图谱中有显著差异。海南2010、2011和2012年二级香草兰豆分别被检测出65、60和62种挥发性成分，相对含量最多为香草醛，分别为60.00%、57.00%、62.78%；不同种类香草兰豆的芳香族类、醛类、酮类、酸类、醇类、杂环等六大类香气化合物相对含量有明显差异。在此基础上绘制电子鼻指纹图谱，利用电子图谱可以快速区分香草兰豆的种类和品质。

关键词 香草兰豆；感官评定；电子鼻；顶空固相微萃取-气相-质谱联用

中图分类号 TQ651 文献标识码 A

Abstract The quality and the aromas of vanilla pods were investigated based on different origins， years， levels. In addition， a rapid detection method of cultivars and quality for vanilla pods was established by sensory evaluation coupled with E-Nose and HS-SPME-GC-MS. The results showed that the sensory scores of vanilla pods decreased as the primary level of 2013 from Hainan>the secondary of 2013 from Hainan> the secondary of 2013 from Comoros> the secondary of 2013 from Tonga> the secondary of 2012 from Hainan>the secondary of 2013 from Hainan> the secondary of 2010 from Hainan> the secondary of 2011 from Hainan. Overall aroma of different origins， years， levels of vanilla pods could be significantly distinguished by principal component analysis（PCA）of E-Nose. 65， 60 and 62 kinds of volatile components were detected for the secondary of 2010， 2011， 2012 from Hainan， respectively. The highest component of vanillin corresponded to 60.00%， 57.00%， 62.78%， respectively. Significant differences existed among the relative contents of aromatic compounds， aldehydes， ketones， acids， alcohols， heterocyclic from different vanilla pods. Electronic nose map were made on the basis of above results and could be used to distinguish vanilla pods species and quality quickly.

Key words Vanilla pods； Aroma； Electronic Nose； HS-SPME-GC-MS

doi 10.3969/j.issn.1000-2561.2015.11.030

香草兰（Vanilla planifolia Andrews）又称香子兰、香荚兰、扁叶香草兰、哗呢拉等，是名贵的多年生热带藤本香科植物，有“食品香料之王”的美誉[1]。其鲜豆荚通过杀青、发酵、阴干、后熟等工艺可被加工成商品香草兰豆，含有250多种挥发性香气成分，用途广泛，其酊剂和香膏主要作为食品香料应用于冰激凌、巧克力、糖果等食品行业；也可用于化妆业、烟草业或制造高档香水和香烟。此外，香草兰在医药、保健等行业也被广泛关注，有补肾、健胃、健脾、安神等功效[2-4]。