贵州黔南烟区烟叶烤前虫源性异物种类调查与防控

2015-10-21 18:06:31苏五雷罗倩茜熊茂荣等
安徽农业科学 2015年31期

苏五雷 罗倩茜 熊茂荣等

摘要烟叶烤前虫源性异物属烤烟一类恶性异物,对烤烟品质的影响尤为重要。黔南烟区烤前虫源性异物种类复杂。异物关键种类为鳞翅目夜蛾科害虫的虫茧、半翅目蝽科的虫卵、同翅目蚜科的蜕皮及蜘蛛虫卵。黔南部分烟区个别年份夜蛾科害虫的虫茧发生偏重,烘烤后可随烤烟携入复烤环节,对烤烟品质已构成潜在威胁。烟叶虫源性异物防控要贯彻“预防为主、综合防治”的方针,将异物控制在烘烤之前。

关键词烤烟;黔南州;虫源性异物;夜蛾科害虫

中图分类号S572文献标识码A文章编号0517-6611(2015)31-012-02

Investigation on Species and Pest Control for Foreign Material in Tobacco Region of Qiannn State of Guizhou Province

SU Wulei1, LUO Qianqian1, XIONG Maorong1, HUANG Yanzhang2* et al

(1. Qiannan Tobacco Company, Duyun, Guizhou 558000; 2. College of Plant Protection, Anhui Agricultural University, Hefei, Anhui 230036)

Abstract The foreign material in tobacco especial for insect source material as a kind of malignant foreign material, is critical to quality of cigarette. The species of foreign material for insect source is abundant, and the key species included the cocoons of Lepidoptera Noctuidae, eggs of Hemiptera Pentatomidae, moults of Homoptera Aphididae and eggs of spider. The occurrence of cocoons of Noctuidae pest is serious in some tobacco region of Qiannan state in individual years. The cocoons could become potential threaten to the character of tobacco when it was brought into the rebaking stage. The control of foreign material of insect source in tobacco must be carried out the policy of “Prevention first and comprehensive control” in order to control the foreign material before the bake stage.

Key words Tobacco; Qiannan State; Foreign material of insect; Noctuidae pest

煙叶作为烟草工业的原料,无论是在大田期还是在收购流通、贮藏加工环节,常因流入部分异物而造成重大的经济损失。目前,国内外对烤烟中鸡毛、木片、纸片、皮带塑料等异物的剔除技术已有少量研究报道,并且取得一定的研究成果[1-4]。蛋白性异物属烤烟一类恶性杂物,对卷烟品质的影响尤为重要。虫源异物属蛋白性异物之一。虫源性异物不仅可在烟叶仓储期由烟仓害虫危害后遗留的虫尸形成,而且在大田期亦可由节肢动物在烟叶表面经发育蜕皮、结茧化蛹或成虫产卵遗留造成。通过对黔南烟区大田、烤房进行实地调研,笔者基本明确该烟区烟叶烤前虫源性异物的主要种类,并且制定科学的防控措施。

1黔南烟区烟叶烤前虫源性异物主要种类

2014~2015年对黔南烟区进行实地调查。结果表明,烟叶烤前虫源性异物种类众多,不仅包括烟草害虫(植食性昆虫),而且包括一些烟草害虫的天敌(肉食性昆虫,例如蜘蛛虫卵、姬蜂茧壳等),甚至一些烟田中性昆虫。……

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