基于生态足迹的荥经县土地系统脆弱性分析

2015-10-21 18:06:31徐留兴常毅赵源
安徽农业科学 2015年31期

徐留兴 常毅 赵源

摘要土地系统脆弱性与土地系统承载能力两者之间具有明显的协同效应。基于生态足迹理论,对雅安市荥经县的土地系统生态承载力及其脆弱性变化进行分析,以期为当地区域可持续发展寻求途径和对策。结果表明,1996~2011年,全县人均生态足迹需求从4900 9 hm2增加到8.030 2 hm2,人均生态足迹供给从1.777 7 hm2下降到1.394 9 hm2,生态赤字从-3.123 2 hm2/人下降到-6.635 3 hm2/人,可见当地的土地生态安全形势不容乐观,土地系统脆弱性不断增强。该研究结果能够为当地的产业布局和土地利用总体规划提供依据。

关键词生态足迹;生态承载力;土地系统;脆弱性;生态安全

中图分类号S28;F301.24文献标识码A文章编号0517-6611(2015)31-014-04

Land System Vulnerability Analysis Based on Ecological Footprint in Yingjing

XU Liuxing1, CHANG Yi1, ZHAO Yuan2*

(1. Faculty of Geography and Resource Sciences, Sichuan Normal University, Chengdu, Sichuan 610107; 2. Sichuan Provincial Institute of Natural Resource Sciences, Chengdu, Sichuan 610015)

Abstract Land system vulnerability and its ecological carrying capacity have an obvious synergistic effect. Adopting the ecological footprints from principle and model, taking Yingjing as a case, the paper calculated its ecological carrying capacity changing from 1996 to 2011, in order to seek ways for sustainable development. The results showed that the ecological footprint demand increased from 4.900 9 hm2/person to 8030 2 hm2/person, ecological footprint supply changed from 1.777 7 hm2/person fell to 1.394 9 hm2/person, ecological deficit changed from -3.123 2 hm2/person down to -6.635 3 hm2/person. The situation of land ecological safety is less negative and land system vulnerability is getting worse. The research achievements can provide some specific guidance for local industry layout and landuse overall planning.

Key words Ecological footprint; Ecological carrying capacity; Land system; Vulnerability; Ecological security

土地系统脆弱性是在一定时空条件下土地系统在面临外界压力或扰动下的应对程度和可能性响应[1]。土地生态承载力是在一定生产条件下土地生态系统的自我维持、自我调节能力及其所能承载的具有一定生活水平的人口限度和社会活动强度[2-3]。两者有着十分紧密的关联。一般的,若脆弱性越大,则对非良性干扰越敏感,产生资源环境问题的可能性越高,生态承载力也越低,反之亦然。目前,有关土地生态承载力的计算方法有很多种,主要包括指标体系评价、产品周期评价和综合性评价[4-7]。其中,生态足迹模型作为指标体系评价中的一种有效方法,具有较强可操作性、区域间可比性和可复制性,因而得到广泛引用。笔者以雅安市荥经县为对象,采用生态足迹方法对其土地系统脆弱性进行定量分析与评价。……

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