水稻种子生产关键技术研究

2015-10-21 18:06:31华国栋李冠喜孟德龙等
安徽农业科学 2015年31期

华国栋 李冠喜 孟德龙等

摘要为研究水稻种子的生产技术,以连粳7号水稻种子为试材,探讨了氮肥运筹、种子田去杂方式、机械烘干的温度控制以及种子贮藏的水分控制等水稻种子生产、加工、贮藏关键技术对水稻种子质量的影响。结果表明,氮肥运筹中以分孽肥与穗肥的施用比例8∶2最优,7∶3次之;以孕穗期去杂效果最好,纯度最高;机械烘干处理的温度控制为44 ℃时烘干效率及发芽率控制效果最好;水稻种子含水量控制在18%时,种子的贮藏质量和贮藏成本均能得到保障。

关键词水稻种子;氮肥运筹;去杂时期;机械烘干;含水量

中图分类号S511文献标识码

A文章编号0517-6611(2015)31-058-02

Research on the Key Technology of Rice Seed Production

HUA Guodong, LI Guanxi, MENG Delong et al

(Lianyungang XuHuai Region Agricultural Science Institute, Lianyungang, Jiangsu 222006)

Abstract To study the production technology of rice seeds, the effects of the key technologies of rice seed production, processing and storage, about nitrogen application regimes, the way to remove weeds in seed breeding field, temperature control of mechanical drying and water control on seed storage and so on, on the quality of rice seeds were investigated using Lianjing 7 as test material. The results showed that the optimal application proportion of tillering stage dressing and head dressing was 8∶ 2 and the effect of 7 ∶3 was next; the best time of weeding was booting stage for the highest purity; the effect of drying and the germination rate was the best on 44 ℃ in mechanical drying processes; the most appropriate storing seed moisture content was 18%.

Key words Rice seed; Nitrogen application management; Time of weeding; Mechanical drying; Water content

隨着农业产业结构调整、农村土地流转,种子晒场减少,以及种子晾晒方式、栽插方式等的改变,种子生产面临新的课题。特别是直播稻的种植,农民购种后储藏时间延长,对种子质量有了更高的要求。种子质量的控制是一个由栽培技术、加工包装技术以及贮藏技术组成的环环相扣的系统工程,其中任何一个环节出错都很难保证种子的质量[1-2]。而新的机插秧技术、直播技术的推广,又给种子质量研究带来新的课题[3]。笔者从氮肥的施用方式及去杂时期控制等栽培技术、机械烘干的温度控制等加工技术以及水分控制等贮藏技术几个方面探讨了水稻种子生产的关键技术,以期为种子企业在水稻种子繁殖技术及提高种子质量方面提供理论指导。

1材料与方法

1.1试验材料供试水稻品种为连粳7号,由江苏金万禾农业科技有限公司提供。……

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