胡园春 张宗磊
摘要[目的] 寻找对石榴裂果造成影响的气候原因,以期趋利避害,降低裂果率。[方法]对2014年枣庄市石榴果实生长期的水分、温度、湿度、日照等气候特点进行分析。[结果]受6~8月温度持续偏高、湿度偏低气候影响,枣庄石榴外部果皮组织老化,失去弹性,质地变脆,延展性降低。突遇9月份持续时间较长的连阴雨天气,果皮内外生长速度不一致,子粒迅速膨大的张力导致果皮开裂和大面积裂果发生。[结论]9月份的超长连阴雨天气是造成2014年枣庄市石榴异常裂果的主要原因之一。
关键词2014年;气象条件;枣庄;石榴;异常裂果
中图分类号S162.5+5文献标识码
A文章编号0517-6611(2015)31-060-01
Impact Analysis and Precautionary Measures on Pomegranates Abnormal Fruit Cracking in Zaozhuang Caused by Meteorological Conditions in 2014
HU Yuanchun,ZHANG Zonglei
(Yicheng District Weather Bureau, Yicheng,Shandong 277300)
Abstract[Objective] Looking for climate factors affecting the pomegranate dehiscent fruit, in order to avoid disadvantages, reduce dehiscent fruit rate.[Method] This article has made relative analysis on meteorological conditions of pomegranate fruits at the growing period in 2014 in Zaozhuang. [Result] Results indicated that the exterior peel tissue of the pomegranate became aging, lost the elasticity, had the fragile texture and reduced the malleability under continuous relatively high temperature and relatively low moisture from June to August in 2014. Under the unexpected longtime and continuous overcast and rainy weather in September, the growing speed of peels inside and outside was uneven, and the peel cracked caused by grains rapidly inflated tension, made the large area of fruit cracking happen. [Conclusion]The overlong continuous rain in September was one of main reasons that cause pomegranates abnormal fruit cracking in 2014 in Zaozhuang.
Key words Year 2014; Meteorological conditions; Zaozhuang; Pomegranate; Abnormal fruit cracking
石榴是枣庄著名的地方特产,枣庄石榴在栽培面积、品种资源、单果重等方面均居全国首位,被誉为“冠世榴园”。长期以来,石榴为枣庄人民带来了巨大的社会经济效益。枣庄石榴主要分布在峄城区,石榴是峄城区的支柱产业。裂果是石榴生产中普遍存在的一大生理性病害,从石榴幼果期至成熟期均会发生,裂果形成的伤口遇到降水容易烂果,并易引起病虫害,不能保鲜储存,其商品性降低甚至喪失,给果农造成严重的经济损失。
国内对石榴裂果的研究较多,但主要集中在品种和防御措施方面[1-2],而从气候原因分析石榴裂果的研究并不多见。2014年枣庄石榴裂果异常严重,最高裂果率达80%~90%,且主要发生在9月份。该文着重对2014年石榴生长期的水分、温度、湿度、日照等气候特点进行分析,寻找对裂果造成影响的气候原因,以期达到趋利避害,降低裂果率,提高石榴产量和品质。……