空气相对湿度对烟蚜茧蜂繁育的影响

刘琼 马建光 丁福章等

摘要[目的]比较烟蚜茧蜂在大棚内的繁育数量及田间防治效果。[方法]通过在育苗大棚内栽培烟株繁殖烟蚜茧蜂，研究不同空气相对湿度条件下烟蚜茧蜂繁殖数量及释放到烟田的防治效果。[结果]蚜虫的繁殖速率随着空气相对湿度的增加先提高后降低，以空气相对湿度为70%处理效果最优，处理第30天蚜虫数量达到14 616.7头/株；接种烟蚜茧蜂后，烟蚜数量先增加后减少，在接种烟蚜茧蜂15 d后达到峰值，以空气相对湿度为70%处理烟蚜数量最大，明显高于其他处理；接种烟蚜茧蜂后，僵蚜逐渐增多，以空气相对湿度为70%处理最优，在25 d后僵蚜数量达到11 231.7头/株；各处理在放蜂12 d后防效最佳，但各处理间防效无显著差异。[结论]为推广烟蚜茧蜂防治烟蚜技术提供了理论依据。

关键词空气相对湿度；烟蚜茧蜂；烟蚜；繁育；防治效果

中图分类号S476文献标识码A文章编号0517-6611（2015）31-088-03

Influence of Humidity on Reproduction of Aphidius gifuensis

LIU Qiong1， MA Jianguang1， DING Fuzhang2 et al

（1. Weining Branch， Bijie Tobacco Company of STMA Guizhou Province， Weining， Guizhou 553100； 2. Guizhou Tobacco Research Institute， Guiyang， Guizhou 550023）

Abstract [Objective] The aim was to compare the effect of biological control between different treatments after A. gifuensis were released. [Method] Tobacco was used as host plant to breed A. gifuensis， and the influence of different humidity on the number of M. persicae and A. gifuensis which were breed in greenhouses were studied. [Result] The number of M. persicae increased firstly and then decreased with the increase of，among them the treatment of 70% humidity was the best， and the number of M. persicae reached 14 616.7 per plant after treatment for 30 d. After M. persicae had been inoculated parasite， the number of M. persicae showed a trend of decrease after increase at the first， and got the maximum after 15 d， among them the treatment of 70% humidity was the best. After M. persicae had been inoculated parasite， mummified aphid quantity increased gradually， among them the treatment of 70% humidity was better than other treatments，and the number of mummified aphid reached 11 231.7 per plant after treated for 25 d. A. gifuensis had been released 12 d later， and control effect of all treatments reached the maximum， but there was no significant difference among different treatments. [Conclusion] The results provide theoretical basis for application in controlling M. persicae by using A. gifuensis.

Key words Humidity； Aphidius gifuensis； Myzus persicae； Reproduction；Control effect

目前，我國烟田植保主要依靠化学防治，化学防治虽能快速高效地杀灭害虫，但也容易杀死天敌，并带来“3R”问题[1-3]。烟蚜茧蜂是烟蚜的优势天敌[4-5]，规模化饲养烟蚜茧蜂，释放成蜂或僵蚜到烟田，可降低田间烟蚜虫口基数，能够达到防治烟蚜、保护天敌、维护农田生态等多重目的[6-10]。国内一些学者从20世纪80年代开始研究烟蚜茧蜂生物学、生态学特性，并在探索烟蚜茧蜂繁育方法上获得丰富经验[11-15]。烟蚜茧蜂的繁育受环境温度、湿度、寄主植物、栽培措施、蜂蚜比等因素的影响[16-23]。笔者通过在育苗大棚内栽培烟株繁殖烟蚜茧蜂，研究了不同空气相对湿度条件下烟蚜茧蜂繁殖数量及释放到烟田的防治效果差异，旨在为推广烟蚜茧蜂防治烟蚜技术提供理论依据。……