剑麻抗病种苗的引进试种及抗病效应研究

杨荣 黄标夏 李虹等

摘要[目的]选育剑麻抗紫色卷叶病种苗。[方法]从海南昌江老病区引进恢复生长多年的剑麻园无病走茎苗作为抗病苗，进行试种、繁育、接种等一系列抗病试验与示范推广。[结果]该抗病苗具有抗紫色卷叶病能力，能有效控制紫色卷叶病危害。2010～2014年共引进及繁育该苗446万株以上，可供大田种植1000 hm2，苗圃及大田示范推广均未发生紫色卷叶病，其他麻苗均不同程度地发生紫色卷叶病，该抗病苗通过作母株钻心繁育的后代也具有抗病性，抗病苗及钻心繁育的后代作组培繁殖的麻苗也有一定的抗病性。[结论]海南抗病苗具有抗或高抗剑麻紫色卷叶病能力，试验结果可为剑麻产业的健康发展提供借鉴。

关键词剑麻种苗；抗病性；粉蚧；紫色卷叶病

中图分类号S435.63文献标识码

A文章编号0517-6611（2015）31-101-04

The Introduction of Agave sisalana Perr. ex Engelm. Resistant Seedlings and Study on the Resistance to Purple Leaf Curl Disease

YANG Rong， HUANG Biao*， XIA Lihong et al

（Dongfanghong Farm of Zhanjiang State Farms， Leizhou， Guangdong 524251）

Abstract [Objective] The aim was to breed resistant seedlings of Agave sisalana Perr. ex Engelm. to purple leaf curl disease. [Method] Diseasefree go stem seedlings were introduced from Agave sisalana Perr. ex Engelm. which had restore growth for many years in Changjiang diseased area of Hainan to be resistant seedlings， and a series of resistant tests like growing， breeding and vaccination as well as demonstration promotion were carried out. [Result] The resistant seedlings could resist purple leaf curl disease and could control the disease effectively. More than 4.46×106 seedlings which could plant 1 000 hm2 were introduced and bred from 2010 to 2014. The nursery and field demonstration promotion tests showed that there was no purple leaf curl disease to occur， while the other Agave sisalana Perr. ex Engelm. seedlings appeared purple leaf curl disease in different degrees. The offspring of the resistant seedlings also had resistance to purple leaf curl disease through maternal lingersometimes constantly breeding， furtherly seedlings bred from offspring of the resistant seedlings and maternal lingersometimes constantly breeding also had certain resistance to purple leaf curl disease. [Conclusion] The resistant seedlings could resist or highly resist purple leaf curl disease， and the results could provide reference for the healthy development of Agave sisalana Perr. ex Engelm. industry.

Key wordsAgave sisalana Perr. ex Engelm. seedlings； Resistance； Mealybug； Purple leaf curl disease

劍麻抗病种苗是指在海南昌江县麻区H·11648麻园中，选择感染紫色卷叶病的重病区采集植株已恢复生长多年的麻园无病走茎苗。东方红农场剑麻自2007年来遭受粉蚧（新菠萝灰粉蚧，简称剑麻粉蚧，为外来生物）危害引起的紫色卷叶病[1-4]致麻园减产30%以上，重病田发病率高达80%以上，损失惨重，近年来仅湛江麻区因该病危害致淘汰剑麻约4 000 hm2，该病已成为制约剑麻产业发展的瓶颈。通过研究发现，要防治该病的传播媒介——剑麻粉蚧难度非常大且不彻底，并且成本高，不利于生态环境保护。因此，以便寻找抗病种苗十分迫切。

海南昌江县种植剑麻约1 330 hm2，1998年开始受剑麻粉蚧危害，2001年12月暴发由剑麻粉蚧引起的紫色卷叶病。……