王立波 解生彬 姜慧等

摘要[目的] 为麋鹿小种群管理工作中麋鹿普通病的防控提供借鉴。[方法] 以江苏大丰麋鹿种群为例,在麋鹿引种扩群、野生麋鹿种群恢复过程中长角血蜱寄生虫病、瘤胃膨胀、营养性衰竭症、食毛症、难产等常见普通病病例进行了总结。[结果] 在麋鹿小种群饲养管理过程中加强前期防控,对有效降低和避免麋鹿普通病的发生尤为重要。[结论] 该研究对动物园等麋鹿小种群管理起到借鉴作用,也为麋鹿的健康养殖和保护提供基础资料。
关键词麋鹿;常见普通病;小种群管理
中图分类号S858.9文献标识码A文章编号0517-6611(2015)31-108-03
Diagnosis and Treatment of Common Diseases of Elaphurus davidianus
WANG Libo1, XIE Shengbin2, JIANG Hui2 et al
(1.Jiangsu Dafeng Milu National Nature Reserve, Yancheng, Jiangsu 224136; 2. Yancheng Institute of Milu, Yancheng, Jiangsu 224136)
Abstract[Objective] The research aimed to provide references for the prevention and control of common diseases in the small population management of Elaphurus davidianus. [Method] Taking Dafeng milu population for an example, common diseases of milu(such as parasitic disease of Haemaphysalis longicornis, rumen expansion, nutritional failure, alien food addiction and dystocia),which restricted the process of milu population growth and wild population recovery were summarized. [Result] Early prevention and control should be strengthened in the small population feeding and management of milu,which was important for effectively reducing and avoiding the occurrence of common diseases of milu. [Conclusion] The research could provide references for small population of milu in zoo and provide basic data for healthy and protection of milu.
Key wordsMilu; Common diseases; Small population management
麋鹿(Elaphurus davidianus)是世界上已经在野外灭绝,通过园囿条件下安全保存,近年来又重新在原栖息地恢复野生行为的大型哺乳动物。
麋鹿原产我国,是我国特有的珍稀野生动物,由于历史的、自然的原因,19世纪末麋鹿已经在我国灭绝[1]。自1985年重建北京南海子麋鹿种群开始,在近100年后麋鹿重新回到了我國。1986年,从英国7家动物园精选了39头麋鹿,作为中国政府与国外的正式合作项目,被重新引进到江苏省大丰市(当时为县),建立了江苏大丰麋鹿国家级自然区,也是世界上第一个麋鹿自然保护区,从此开始了在麋鹿原生地引种扩群、行为再塑和野生种群恢复工作[2]。
野生动物保护工作者期望麋鹿种群数量得到快速增长,逐渐恢复其野生种群,经过多年努力,在大丰自然保护区通过4次野生放养试验,目前已经形成了一个265头的野生麋鹿种群,人工圈养麋鹿数量达到2 553头,2015年大丰麋鹿种群总数量已达2 818头。……