不同脱毒方法处理棉粕脱毒效果的比较试验

敖维平 周小玲 李雪莲

摘要 [目的]比较棉粕生物发酵法与化学法的脱毒效果，筛选出棉粕脱毒的有效方法。[方法]采用不同生物脱毒剂（M81、EM菌）发酵与常规脱毒方法（硫酸亚铁法、尿素法）脱毒处理棉粕，筛选出生物发酵的适宜发酵条件。[结果]生物发酵脱毒处理棉粕的脱毒效果主要受发酵剂的添加比例和发酵天数的影响，发酵湿度为35%～40%时对脱毒效果的影响不明显。其中，EM菌液添加比例在3%以内时对脱毒效果的影响不明显，而M81的添加比例极显著影响脱毒效果（P<0.01）。2种生物发酵剂的发酵处理天数显著影响脱毒率（P<0.05），生物制剂发酵处理棉粕与传统硫酸亚铁法无明显差异（P>0.05）。[结论]有益菌液可作为发酵脱毒处理棉酚的有效方法。

关键词棉粕；生物发酵；脱毒效果

中图分类号S816.43文献标识码

A文章编号0517-6611（2015）31-111-02

Comparative Experiment on the Detoxification Effects on Cottonseed Meal Using Different Detoxification Methods

AO Weiping1，2， ZHOU Xiaoling1，2， LI Xuelian1 （1. College of Animal Science， Tarim University， Alar， Xinjiang 843300； 2. Key Laboratory of Tarim Animal Husbandry Science and Technology of Xinjiang Production & Construction Group， Alar， Xinjiang 843300）

Abstract [Objective] The research aimed to compare the detoxification effects of cottonseed meal by using biological fermentation method and chemical method and screen out the effective detoxification method of cottonseed meal. [Method] The cottonseed meal was detoxified by using biological fermentation method （M81， EM） and conventional detoxification method （ferrous sulfate method， urea method） to screen out the suitable fermentation conditions for the biological fermentation. [Result] The detoxification effects of cottonseed meal by using biological fermentation method were mainly influenced by the adding proportion of starter culture and the fermentation days. When the fermentation humidity was 35%40%， its influences on the detoxification effect was not obvious. When the adding proportion of EM was below 3%， its influences on the detoxification effect was not obvious， but the adding proportion of M81 extremely significantly influenced the detoxification effect （P<0.01）. The fermentation days of two biological fermentation agents significantly influenced the detoxification rate（P<0.05）.The biological fermentation had no obvious difference with the traditional method of ferrous sulfate （P>0.05）. [Conclusion] The beneficial bacteria liquid could be used as an effective biological fermentation method for detoxifying the gossypol.

Key words Cottonseed meal；Biological fermentation；Detoxification effects

我國是世界产棉大国之一，年产棉籽1 000余万t，加工棉籽粕（饼）600余万t。由于棉籽或棉籽粕含游离棉酚从0.06%到3%不等，限制了棉籽或棉籽粕在畜牧生产中的应用。随着我国畜牧业的快速发展，对饲料原料的需求量急增，蛋白质资源更为紧缺，对棉籽粕（饼）脱毒研究显得非常重要。目前，棉酚脱毒方法包括物理法、化学法、溶剂浸出法和生物法，这些脱毒方法在脱毒效果、影响饲料适口性及营养价值、脱毒成本高、技术成熟性等方面不尽人意。笔者在综合前人脱毒技术的基础上，开展了化学法、发酵法及二者联合脱毒效果的对比试验，旨在探索在畜牧业生产中易于推广应用的棉籽粕脱毒方法。

1材料与方法

1.1试验材料全棉籽和棉籽粕（棉酚含量分别为2 169和667 mg/kg），均经粉碎过60目筛备用。……