钱佳慧 栗志民 叶宁等
摘要[目的]为墨吉明对虾(Fenneropenaeus merguiensis)工厂化养殖提供理论依据。[方法]试验设置 4个养殖密度(120、180、240、300尾/m2),在养殖环境相同的条件下养殖30 d后对4个养殖密度条件下的墨吉明对虾进行生长性状测量及存活率统计,研究不同养殖密度对墨吉明对虾生长及存活率的影响,探讨墨吉明对虾最适养殖密度。[结果]不同养殖密度对墨吉明对虾体长和体质量增长有显著影响(P<0.05)。G120组的体长和体质量的增长速度显著优于其他密度组,增长率(GR)和增重率(WGR)分别高达36.54%和158.53%;墨吉明对虾的特定生长率(SGR)与密度的呈负相关(P<0.05),随着养殖密度的增大,特定生长率逐渐下降,G300组的特定生长率最低,为(2.09±0.57)%,与其他密度组特定生长率差异极显著(P<0.01);饵料系数(FCR)与养殖密度之间呈显著正相关(P<0.05),即随着养殖密度的增加,饵料系数逐渐增大,G300组的饵料系数仅为3.37±0.53,低于其他3组。不同养殖密度对墨吉明对虾的存活率有显著影响(P<0.05),当养殖密度高于240尾/m2时死亡率高达40%,严重影响墨吉明对虾的存活率。[结论]当养殖密度为120尾/m2时,虽然各测量指标最大,但空间利用率较低,不利于墨吉明对虾工厂化养殖,养殖密度为180~240尾/m2时,各生长性状测量值相对较高,且有利于墨吉明对虾工厂养殖空间利用率,因此应选180~240尾/m2作为墨吉明对虾工厂化养殖最适养殖密度。
关键词墨吉明对蝦;养殖密度;特定生长率;饵料系数;存活率
中图分类号S966.12文献标识码
A文章编号0517-6611(2015)31-120-03
Exploration on the Optimal Density for Industrial Culture of Fenneropenaeus merguiensis
QIAN Jiahui, LI Zhimin*, YE Ning et al
(Fisheries College, Guangdong Ocean University, Zhanjiang, Guangdong 524088)
Abstract [Objective] To provide theoretical basis for industrial of Fenneropenaeus merguiensis.[Method] Four stocking densities (120, 180, 240, 300 individuals/m2) were set in this study, we cultured the shrimp 30 days in the same conditions, the growth and survival rates were analyzed, the effects of different stocking density on growth and survival rate of Fenneropenaeus merguiensis were studied, the optimal stocking densities were obtained.[Result] Different stocking densities had significant effects on the body length and weight (P<0.05), the group of G120 was significantly greater than other groups in the growth of length and weight, the growth rate (GR) and weight gain rate (WGR) reached at 36.54% and 158.53%.There was a negative correlation between special growth rate (SGR) and stocking densities, and the special growth rate were decreased with the increase of stocking densities.A minimum of the special growth rate was (2.09±0.57)% in the group G300, and difference reached great significant (P<0.01).There was a positive correlation between feed coefficient ratio (FCR) and stocking densities, the feed coefficient were increased with stocking densities.A maximum of the feed coefficient was (3.37±0.53) in G300.The densities had significant effect on the survival rates of Fenneropenaeus merguiensis, when stocking density higher than 240 individual/m2, mortality rates as high as 40%, which affect the survival of F.merguiensis.[Conclusion] The results suggested that the growth traits reached the optimal values when density arrived 120 individual/m2, but in this breeding density the space utilization is low.So we should choose the density between 180 and 240 individual/m2, in order to ensure the growth traits and survival rate of F.merguiensis reach maximum value.Besides, it is conducive to improve space utilization.
Key words Fenneropenaeus merguiensis; Stocking density; Special growth rate; Feed coefficient; Survival rate
对虾养殖业是我国水产养殖业中最具有代表性的产业之一,我国目前对虾养殖品种主要有中国对虾(Fenneropenaeus chinensis)、斑节对虾(Penaeus monodon)、日本对虾(Marsupenaeus japonicus)和凡纳滨对虾(南美白对虾)(Litopenaeus vannamei)等[1]。2000年南美白对虾养殖产量占我国对虾养殖总产量的20%,到2012年其海水养殖产量高达76万t,占海水养殖对虾的75%左右[2]。伴随着南美白对虾工厂化养殖的大力发展,所面临问题日益增多,如进口的亲虾的价格不断攀升、种质资源退化、病害频繁发生等,严重影响对虾养殖效益。因此,业内人士开始寻求一种替代品种,以保证对虾行业的产出量。因为墨吉明对虾可从我国自然海区捕获、价格相对便宜、且种质来源丰富[3]、抗病性较强[4]等优点,已受到水产工作者的广泛关注,以期代替南美白对虾成为工厂化养殖新的对虾品种。
墨吉明对虾(Fenneropenaeus merguiensis)俗称大虾、大明虾,隶属节肢动物门(Arthropoda)、甲壳纲(Crustacea)、对虾科(Penaeidae)、对虾属(Penaeus),为暖水性种类,广泛分布于我国广东、广西沿海海区,在菲律宾、泰国一带也有分布[5]。……