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摘要[目的] 为了探索水稻高产高效施肥技术。[方法] 通过多年试验研究和生产实践,总结出水稻“山”型配方施肥技术。[结果] 该技术特点是氮肥在水稻基肥、分蘖肥、穗肥的分配比例为30%、40%~50%、20%~30%,呈“山”字型分布,穗肥要求在水稻幼穗分化期1~2期施下。应用该施肥技术能减少无效分蘖,提高成穗率,增加实粒数,提高结实率,增加千粒重,提高水稻产量。[结论]与习惯施肥相比,水稻“山”型配方施肥产量增长9.02%~12.4%,节本增效2 095.8~2 649.3元/hm2。
关键词水稻;“山”型配方施肥;效果
中图分类号S14文献标识码A文章编号0517-6611(2015)31-142-03
Effect of Rice ‘Mountain Type of Formula Fertilization
ZHONG Guomin, FANG Keming, GONG Wenliang et al
(Jingdezhen City Soil and Fertilizer Station, Jingdezhen, Jiangxi 333000)
Abstract[Objective] The research aimed to explore the application technology of high yield rice. [Method] On the basis of the test and production practice for many years, the rice ‘mountain type of fertilization techniques were summed up. [Result] The technical characteristics of nitrogen fertilizer in rice basal, tillering, panicle distribution ratio were 30%, 40%-50% and 20%-30%, showing ‘mountain type distribution requirements in rice panicle initiation stage 12. Fertilizer application of the technology could reduce ineffective tillers, increase spike rate, filled grains and seed rate, grain weight and rice yields. [Conclusion] Compared with conventional fertilization, rice ‘mountain type fertilizer production increased by 9.02%-12.4%, and the efficiency of the section was 2 095.8-2 649.3 yuan/hm2.
Key wordsRice; ‘Mountain type formula fertilization; Effect
水稻“山”型配方施肥技术是景德镇市土肥站通过试验研究和生产实践总结出来的一门农业实用技术。该技术特点是氮肥在水稻基肥、分蘖肥、穗肥的分配比例约为30%、40%~50%、20%~30%,呈“山”字型分布,穗肥要求在水稻幼穗分化期1~2期施下。与农民习惯施肥相比,水稻“山”型配方施肥既不增加施肥量又不增加工时,只需对水稻前期、中期、后期的氮肥用量进行合理调整,增产、增收效果明显。2014年笔者在景德镇市昌江区丽阳镇枫林村和浮梁县湘湖镇湘湖村开展晚稻“山”型配方施肥技术田间试验,验证其应用效果。
1材料与方法
1.1试验概况
在昌江区丽阳镇枫林村和浮梁县湘湖镇湘
湖村开展试验。枫林村供试田块肥力指标为:有机质61.7 mg/kg,碱解氮289 mg/kg,有效磷48.1 mg/kg,速效钾 87 mg/kg,pH 4.89;湘湖村供试田块肥力指标为:有机质63.7 mg/kg,碱解氮316 mg/kg,有效磷46.2 mg/kg,速效钾 97 mg/kg,pH 5.13。两地试验田均鳝鱼田。晚稻品种枫林村为中优329,湘湖村为泰优淦3号,均于6月26日播种,7月24日移栽,分别于10月29日和10月26日收割。……