天气谚语的气象验证

孙丽娟 秦涛 赵华

摘要利用1979～2013年临朐县气象局本站的地面观测资料，对“八月十五云遮月，正月十五雪打灯”和“久晴大雾雨，久雨大雾晴”2条天气谚语在临朐县的适用情况进行分析和验证。结果发现，“久晴大雾雨，久雨大雾晴”出现频率较高，可作为预报支撑指导当地的生产生活；“八月十五云遮月，正月十五雪打灯”的现象在临朐非常罕见，已经不符合当地的天气气候规律，群众测天经验需根据当地实际进一步验证。

关键词天气谚语；验证；临朐县

中图分类号S165文献标识码A文章编号0517-6611（2015）31-150-02

Weather Verification of Proverbs

SUN Lijuan1， QIN Tao1， ZHAO Hua2

（1. Linqu Meteorological Bureau， Linqu， Shandong 262600； 2. Weifang Meteorological Bureau， Weifang， Shandong 261011）

AbstractBased on the surface observation data of Linqu Meteorological Bureau from 1979 to 2013， this paper analyzed and verified two weather proverbs which were “If clouds conceal the moon on MidAutumn Festival， it may snow heavily on Lantern festival” and “If it is foggy after being sunny for a long time， it will rain； If it is foggy after raining for a long time， it will be sunny”. It was demonstrated that： As the phenomenon described by the latter weather proverb appeared more frequently， it could be used as a forecast guidance to support local production and livelihood； while the phenomenon of the former proverb seemed to be very rare in Linqu， it did not comply with local weather and climate law. Therefore， the weather of experience needs further validation in accordance with local situation.

Key wordsWeather proverbs； Verification； Linqu County

氣象变化与人民群众的生产、生活密切相关。风调雨顺会给农业生产带来五谷丰登，干旱洪涝又能给人民群众的生命财产造成损失。随着近几年自然灾害的增多，人们对天气变化愈加重视，每日的气象预报已经成为广大人民群众所普遍关注的内容。在旧中国，由于科学落后，没有健全的气象监测系统，人们在长期的生产实践中积累了丰富的测天经验，有些经验通过实践提炼流传下来，具有一定的使用价值，但有些测天经验依据不够充分，应结合当地气候特点，进一步验证充实和完善。

地处沂蒙山区北部边沿的山东省临朐县就流传着许多这样的谚语，直到现在仍为当地群众所重视。如“沂山戴帽大雨将到”，意思是说当人们在夏秋之际看到沂山顶上出现云团时，近日必定会有大雨降临。云盖住山顶，叫“山戴帽”。当阴雨天气来临时，云层比较低，云底盖住山顶。……