华东地区雷暴天气对流有效位能统计分析

2015-10-21 18:06:31叶磊张梅赵定池等
安徽农业科学 2015年31期

叶磊 张梅 赵定池等

摘要利用华东地区16个测站1986~2006年的逐3 h地面观测资料和08∶00、20∶00探空资料,对该地区雷暴发生的时间分布特征及对流有效位能(CAPE)进行统计分析。结果表明,华东地区雷暴发生频数从北向南呈递增趋势;夏季最多,春季次之,秋冬季最少;春夏季午后至傍晚是雷暴的频发时段,午夜至上午是北部地区雷暴的另一个高发期;夏季雷暴发生时CAPE值较大,春季雷暴发生时CAPE较小;无雷暴发生时CAPE值远小于雷暴发生时CAPE值;干型雷暴发生时CAPE值大于湿型雷暴。

关键词雷暴;频数统计;对流有效位能

中图分类号S429文献标识码A文章编号0517-6611(2015)31-160-03

The Statistical Analysis of Thunderstorm Convective Available Potential Energy in East China

YE Lei1, ZHANG Mei2, ZHAO Dingchi3 et al(1. Institute of Meteorology, PLA University of Science and Technology, Nanjing, Jiangsu 211101; 2. College of Science, Nanjing Agricultural University, Nanjing, Jiangsu 210095; 3. No.75822 Army of PLA, Guangzhou, Guangdong 510510)

AbstractBy using the 21a (19862006) ground observation and conventional radiosonde data from 16 sites(08∶00, 20∶00) in East China, the time distribution of thunderstorm occurrence and the convective available potential energy (CAPE) while thunderstorms occurred are analyzed. The results show that the thunderstorm frequency showed an increasing trend from north to south; thunderstorms occurred most frequently in the summer, the number in the spring autumn reduced, and it was least in autumn and winter; the thunderstorms occurred up from afternoon to nightfall in spring and summer, another period of occurred up in the northern plains is from midnight to noon; CAPE are larger while thunderstorms occurred in summer and CAPE are smaller while thunderstorms occurred in spring; CAPE of drythunderstorms are larger than CAPE of wetthunderstorms.

Key wordsThunderstorm; Frequency statistics; Convective available potential energy

雷暴是積雨云云体强烈发展阶段所产生的雷电现象,常伴有大风、暴雨、冰雹和龙卷等, 是一种严重的灾害性天气[1]。雷暴天气在补给作物后期生长所需水分的同时,阴雨、寡照、大风等对作物生长、设施农业及养殖业均造成不利影响,雷击还可致使农作人员、牲畜伤亡,因此提高气象灾害监测能力是农业增产增收的保障。但由于雷暴发生的时空尺度小、概率低,研究和预报的难度比较大。陶诗言等[2]分析指出有位势不稳定层结是雷暴系统发生的物理条件之一。描述层结不稳定的指数很多, 如沙氏指数、抬升指数等。相对于其他描述不稳定状态的指数,对流有效位能(Convective Available Potential Energy,CAPE)[3]考虑了整个大气的层结分布,能够反映大气的整体不稳定度,在雷暴的监测预警中被广泛应用。张建春等[4]利用天津地区NCEP再分析和实时观测资料计算2001~2010年5~9月的CAPE,统计分析发现,雷暴的有无、一般雷暴和雷暴大风之间的CAPE均有显著差异。……

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