一次多单体降雹过程及防雹作业情况分析

蒋汉开 刘小艳

摘要利用2015年4月29日贵州一次冰雹过程的天气资料、多普勒雷达资料、作业信息资料等，分析了不同降雹类型回波的形态特征及组合反射率（CR）、垂直累积液态水含量（VIL）等参数特征，总结出此次降雹过程中多单体演变引起降雹的规律，结合实际作业情况分析了作业中存在的问题。结果表明，此次过程是由超过20个单体相继生成和消亡引起降雹的过程，降雹单体呈现一定规律，即多个对流单体中某个单体的加强和减弱能引起降雹，多个单体合并加强也能引起降雹；单体回波加强或减弱引起降雹的過程中，VIL值均较大，说明之前虽降雹，但能量未完全释放，再加上回波减弱时VIL值仍然出现跃增，说明有很好的水汽补充条件，这可能是多个对流单体中某些单体在加强-减弱-再加强过程中引起降雹的原因。这些特征及规律对今后冰雹监测预警有较好的指示作用。

关键词多单体；降雹；雷达回波特征；组合反射率；垂直液态水含量；人工防雹

中图分类号S427文献标识码A文章编号0517-6611（2015）31-166-04

Analysis of a Single Hail Process and Hail Suppression Operation Situation

JIANG Hankai1，2，3， LIU Xiaoyan1，2，4

（1. The Weather Modification Office of Guizhou Province， Guiyang， Guizhou 550081； 2. Hail Prevention Engineering Technology Research Center of Guizhou Province， Guiyang， Guizhou 550081； 3. Qiandongnan Weather Modification Office， Kaili， Guizhou 556000； 4. Anshun Weather Modification Office， Anshun， Guizhou 561000）

Abstract The parameter characteristics such as echo morphological characteristics of different hail process， radar combination reflectivity（CR）， vertically integrated liquid（VIL） were analyzed， it was concluded the rules of hail drop caused by multicell evolution in this hail process based on weather data and Doppler radar data， job information， etc. of a hail process in April 29， 2015， Guizhou. Combined with practical work， the problems existed in the operation were analyzed， which can provide some useful reference for the hail suppression in the future. The results showed that the process is made up of more than 20 monomer successive generation and extinction caused hail process， hailing monomer has a certain regularity， namely a monomer strengthening and weakening can cause hail and a number of monomers combination can also cause hail. Single echo strengthening or weakening caused hail， the VIL value were large， indicating that energy is not fully released， and VIL value still jump when echo is weakening， indicating have good moisture replenishment conditions， which may be causes for hail in strengtheningweakeningstrengthening process of a monomer in multiple convective monomer. The characteristics and laws have good indicating function for monitoring and early warning of hail in the future.

Key words Multi monomer； Hail； Radar echo characteristics； Combined reflectance； VIL value； Hail suppression

冰雹是由强对流天气系统引起的一种剧烈的气象灾害，是贵州省主要气象灾害之一。它出现的范围虽小，时间也较短促，但来势猛、强度大，并常伴有狂风、强降水、急剧降温等阵发性灾害性天气过程。据统计，贵州每年均有不同程度的冰雹灾害，使贵州经济造成重大损失。利用多普勒天气雷达对强对流天气进行跟踪监测，做出预警，进而科学作业，是提高人工防雹效率、减轻或消除冰雹灾害的主要手段。……