复合乳酸菌在苹果酒中的生长和苹果酸—乳酸发酵特性的研究

2015-10-21 18:06:31李凤黄业传吴照民
安徽农业科学 2015年31期

李凤 黄业传 吴照民

摘要[目的]探索川秀乳酸菌1L型(混合型)在苹果酒中的苹果酸-乳酸发酵特性。[方法]以川秀乳酸菌1L型(嗜热链球菌、保加利亚乳杆菌)作为苹果酒二次发酵的发酵菌种,通过单因素试验分析了接种量、SO2浓度、酒精度、pH和发酵温度对乳酸菌生长和总滴定酸的影响。[结果]试验表明,当接种量达到5×106 CFU/ml时接种量对乳酸菌的生长影响不明显。当SO2浓度达到50 mg/L或者酒精度达到8.0%(V/V)时,或者pH降至3.2或者温度低至20 ℃时,乳酸菌生长受到明显抑制,降酸不完全。活菌数与总滴定酸的降低速率呈正相关。[结论]研究可为苹果酒的苹果酸-乳酸发酵工艺条件的研究提供参考,但各因素间的协同和互作的结果尚待研究。

关键词复合乳酸菌;苹果酒;苹果酸乳酸发酵

中图分类号S609.9;TS20文献标识码

A文章编号0517-6611(2015)31-188-03

The Study of Growth and Malolactic Fermentation Characteristics of Lactobacillus Complex in Cider

LI Feng1,2, HUANG Yechuan1,2, WU Zhaomin1,2

(1.College of Life Science and Technology, SouthWest University of Science and Technology, Mianyang, Sichuan 621010; 2.Institute of Food Science and Technology Research, SouthWest University of Science and Technology, Mianyang, Sichuan 621010)

Abstract [Objective]The growth and malolactic fermentation characteristics of lactobacillus complex in cider were explored. [Method] Through single factor test, the influence of inoculation amount, SO2 concentration, pH value, fermentation temperature and alcoholic strength on the growth of lactobacillus and deacidification was studied. [Result] The results indicated that the effect was unobvious when the inoculation amount was above 5×106 CFU/ml and the growth and deacidification were inhibited when SO2 concentration reached 50 mg/L or the alcoholic strength reached 8.0%(V/V) or the pH value was lower than 3.2 or the temperature was lower than 20 ℃. Deacidification was positively related to viable count. [Conclusion] The results can provide reference to further research but the interaction effect of the factors need further research.

Key words Lactobacillus complex; Cider; Malolactic fermentation

苹果酸-乳酸发酵(Malolactic Fermentation,MLF)是L苹果酸在乳酸菌的苹果酸乳酸酶的作用下转化为L乳酸并放出二氧化碳的过程[1]。MLF在包括苹果酒和葡萄酒在内的果酒的酿造中有非常重要的作用。首先,MLF是目前最主要的果酒生物降酸方法,虽然物理或者化学的方法也能降低果酒的酸度,但只能作用于酒石酸而对苹果酸没有什么效果[2];其次,MLF降低了酸度,削弱了收敛酸的作用,减小酒的粗糙和酸涩感,使酒的风味呈现多样性口感饱和、圆润;并且经MLF发酵,酒体中的营养成分被消耗同时部分细菌素等抑菌物质产生,提高了果酒抗杂菌的能力,增强了酒的稳定性。目前关于MLF的研究资料非常丰富,主要可以归纳为3个方面:发酵菌株的筛选,主要考虑菌株的生长能力、发酵能力、耐受酒精及二氧化硫的能力和絮凝能力,能启动MLF的乳酸菌主要有明串珠菌属、乳杆菌屬、酒类酒球菌属和片球菌属;……

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