避雨栽培下“凤丹白”籽油提取及理化指标分析

马广莹 邹清成 刘慧春等

摘要[目的]为在江南湿热地区推广种植油用牡丹，采用避雨栽培地区模式对“凤丹白”品种进行试种，采收种子并进行籽油提取和指标测定，比较其与正常露地栽培指标异同。[方法]在杭州海涂围垦地区采用全年避雨栽培“凤丹白”品种的油用牡丹，收获种子后亚临界萃取法获得籽油，测试该种植模式下含油量、主要特征指标、主要脂肪酸含量、主要理化性质等的数据，通过与露天栽培下的该品种相关指标的比较分析，明确保护地种植下油用牡丹的籽油品质。[结果]避雨栽培下，“凤丹白”长势良好，籽油综合品质与露地产籽油没有显著差异。[结论]研究可为今后在江南湿热地区推广种植油用牡丹提供重要参考依据。

关键词牡丹；籽油；理化指标；分析

中图分类号S38文献标识码A文章编号0517-6611（2015）31-200-02

Extraction and Physicochemical Indexes Analysis of “Fengdanbai” Seed Oil under the Shelter Cultivation

MA Guangying， ZOU Qingcheng， LIU Huichun， ZHU Kaiyuan* et al

（Xiaoshan Cotton Research Institute， Hangzhou， Zhejiang 311202）

Abstract[Objective] For planting oil peony in the hot and humid areas in the south of Yangtze River， the variety “Fengdanbai” was grown under rain shelter mode， and its seeds were harvested and seed oil were extracted. The seed oil index was compared with that from normal open field cultivation.[Method] In Hangzhou tideland reclamation area， adopting rain shelter mode， subcritical extraction was carried out to obtain seed oil after harvested， and oil content， major fatty acid content， main characteristic indexes， main chemical properties were tested. By means of comparative analysis of various indexes from two different cultivation modes， the seed oil quality， which was from protected cultivation was made clear.[Result] Under the protected cultivation， “Fengdanbai” was growing well， and the comprehensive quality of seed oil was not significantly different from the open ground cultivation.[Conclusion] The experimental results provided an important reference basis for the promotion of oil peony planting in the hot and humid areas in the south of the Yangtze River in future.

Key wordsTree peony； Seed oil； Physical and chemical index； Analysis

凤丹白（Paeonia ostii ‘Feng Dan Bai），又名铜陵牡丹，属于江南牡丹的一个品种，是目前油用牡丹的主栽类型。为了更好地开发这一资源，浙江省萧山棉麻研究所引进该品种，并在杭州地区种植生产。经过多年试验，在地势较低洼地区，即使起垄栽培，仍容易引起各种病虫害，为更好地让引种牡丹正常生长发育，试用拱架大棚避雨栽培的方式，解决引种地多雨的危害。

试验结果显示，避雨栽培，较好地克服了高温多雨等不利气候因素对引种牡丹生长的影响，引进资源不但正常生长、开花，结实率也较高，为了评价其籽油品质，笔者对避雨栽培下凤丹白种子进行了油脂提取和分析，以明确其营养价值，为提高种植效益提供数据支持。……