渭河关中段水环境安全评价

2015-10-21 18:06:31丁劲李怀恩刘铁龙
安徽农业科学 2015年31期

丁劲 李怀恩 刘铁龙

摘要为了对河流的水环境安全进行评价,评价出沿河城市对河流水环境安全的影响情况,以渭河关中段即渭河所流经宝鸡、咸阳、西安和渭南4个城市段为例,选取2000~2013年各市与水环境安全有关的14个指标为研究对象,基于压力-状态-响应模型(PSR模型),利用综合指数评价法,计算4城市段水环境综合安全指数及影响水环境安全程度的权重值,并以此评价渭河关中段的水环境安全,找到影响水环境安全的主要因素。结果表明,2000~2013年间渭河关中段的水环境安全状态基本在“较差”和“良好”两个安全等级间波动;2011年之后关中段水质呈逐步上升趋势;适当增加人均绿地面积、适当减少化肥的施用将有利于渭河关中段水环境的改善。

关键词渭河关中段;水环境安全;PSR模型;综合指数评价法

中图分类号S181.3文献标识码

A文章编号0517-6611(2015)31-239-04

Water Environment Security Evaluation in Shaanxi Section of Weihe River

DING Jin1, LI Huaien1*, LIU Tielong2

(1. State Key Laboratory Base of EcoHydraulic Engineering in Arid Area, Xi'an University of Technology, Xian, Shaanxi 710048; 2. Weihe River Administration of Shaanxi Province, Xian, Shaanxi 710018)

Abstract For evaluating water environment security of river, the influence of cities along the river

on water environment safety was evaluated. Taking Shaanxi section of Weihe River as an example, which flowing through Baoji City, Xianyang City, Xian City and Weinan City, choosing 14 indexes which all related to water environment security from each city during 2000-2013, based on the PSR model and the comprehensive index evaluation method to get the comprehensive index of water environment security in every city each year and the weight value that reflects the influence degree to water environment security. The results showed that: the water environment security state of Shaanxi section of Weihe River fluctuated between “Pool” and “Good” during 2000-2013; the water quality in Shaanxi section of Weihe River was going up after 2011; increasing per capita green area and reducing pure using quantity of chemical fertilizer appropriately would improve the water environment security degree.

Key words Shaanxi section of Weihe River; Water environment security; PSR model; Comprehensive index evaluation method

研究河流水環境问题、对河流的水环境安全及其影响因子进行评价有重要的意义:首先,研究河流的水环境安全能指导水资源的配置,指导河流治理的方针政策;其次,保障了河流的水环境安全也能够实现社会的经济效益和环境效益。目前国内外学者已经对河流水环境、河流水资源安全评价和区域水资源安全评价进行了研究。王瑞芳等评价了山西省的水资源安全,得出山西11个市人均水资源量是最优指标,对山西水资源安全进行了预警[1-2]。周安康等研究了宝鸡峡灌区的水资源安全,找到了供水工程效率低等5个指标是影响灌区水资源安全的主要因素[3]。……

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