宁夏沙坡头自然保护区生态系统健康评价

2015-10-21 18:06:31孟凡萍黄银洲王岳光
安徽农业科学 2015年31期

孟凡萍 黄银洲 王岳光

摘要沙坡头国家级自然保护区是我国荒漠自然保护区的重要示范点,其生态环境脆弱,土地利用相对复杂。以2005、2010和2013年土地利用变更数据和相关统计资料为主要数据源,利用生态绿当量、土地利用结构指数、生态系统价值,分别评价沙坡头自然保护区土地利用结构合理性、土地利用结构变化以及生态系统健康。结果表明,2005~2013年沙坡头自然保护区生态绿当量大于1,土地利用结构合理,立体绿化效果不断提升;多样性指数和均匀度指数不断增加,优势度指数不断减少,表明保护区土地利用趋于多样化和平均化,生态系统越来越稳定;沙坡头自然保护区的相对生态价值在研究时段有所提升,生态健康状况已转向健康型。

关键词沙坡头自然保护区;生态绿当量;土地利用结构;生态系统健康

中图分类号S759.9文献标识码A文章编号0517-6611(2015)31-268-04

Evaluation of the Ecosystem Health of the Ningxia Shapotou Nature Reserve

MENG Fanping, HUANG Yinzhou, WANG Yueguang

(College of Earth and Environmental Sciences, Lanzhou University, Lanzhou, Gansu 730000)

Abstract The Ningxia Shapotou Nature Reserve is typical in desert ecosystem. Its ecosystem is fragile and can be easily disturbed by human activities. Based on the land use data of Shapotou Nature Reserve in 2005, 2010 and 2013, ecological green equivalent, land use structure correlation index and relative ecological value were calculated in this paper to assess the rationality of land use structure, the change of land use structure and the regional ecological health. The results indicated that ecological green equivalent is above 1 from 2005 to 2013, the land use structure is reasonable, at same time stereoscopic green effect is increasing; during the period the diversity index and evenness index are increasing, the dominance index is decreasing, its meaning that the land use tends to diversity and average; the regional relative ecological value continuous increasing, the situation of regional ecological health has become better.

Key words Shapotou Nature Reserve; Ecological green equivalent; Land use structure; Ecosystem health

生態系统健康指在时间上具有维持其空间结构与生态过程、自我调节与更新能力和对胁迫的恢复能力,并能保障生态系统服务功能的持续、良好供给[1]。随着人们对生态环境的关注,生态系统健康的研究也越来越重视,众多的学者围绕生态系统开展研究。当前可将生态系统健康的研究分为3个阶段:思想萌芽、学科形成、评价实践[2]。生态系统健康研究在理论体系、评价指标等方面取得重要进展,但仍有不少的争议,如生态系统的概念存在怀疑,没有公认的生态系统健康标准,生态系统健康评价的应用尚存在问题[3]等。……

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