乌梁素海水体重金属元素统计分布特征研究

2015-10-21 18:06:31岳荣张红史锐等
安徽农业科学 2015年31期

岳荣 张红 史锐等

摘要[目的]研究乌梁素海水体中重金属污染现状。[方法]于2010年1月~2014年12月在乌梁素海湖区采集表层水样,对湖水中重金属及相关水质因子含量进行分析,然后利用非参数检验、相关性分析及主成分分析,对水体中重金属及相关水质因子进行相关分析及来源解析。[结果]参照《地表水环境质量标准》(GB3838-2002)中Ⅲ类水体标准,乌梁素海水体中高锰酸盐指数、Hg及Pb均出现超标现象;不同的样点水体中重金属含量无显著差异,不同时间段内As、Hg、Pb、Zn和Cr含量存在显著差异;河套灌区农田面源污染、上游工业污水及乌梁素海周边生活污水为影响乌梁素海水体中重金属含量的3个主要因素。

关键词湖泊水体;重金属;分布特征;乌梁素海

中图分类号S181.3文献标识码A文章编号0517-6611(2015)31-376-04

Research on Statistical Distribution Characteristics of Heavy Metals in Wuliangsuhai Lake

YUE Rong1, ZHANG Hong2, SHI Rui1* et al

(1. Institute of Environmental Science of Bayannur, Linhe, Inner Mongolia 015000; 2. College of Environmental Science and Resources, Shanxi University, Taiyuan, Shanxi 030006)

Abstract[Objective] The study aims to analyze water pollution of Wuliangsuhai Lake by heavy metals. [Method] After Surface water samples were collected from in Wuliangsuhai Lake from January 2010 to December 2014, the content of heavy metals in the lake water were analyzed, and the correlation of heavy metals was analyzed based on the principal component analysis. [Result] According to the Surface Water Environmental Quality Standards (GB38382002), the potassium permanganate index, Hg and Pb content exceeded the nation standard. There were no significant differences in the content of heavy metals in different lake areas, while As, Hg, Pb, Zn and Cr content had significant differences in different periods. Nonpoint source pollution of Hetao irrigation farmland, industrial sewage and domestic pollution source are three main factors affecting the content of heavy metals in Wuliangsuhai Lake.

Key wordsLake water; Heavy metals; Distribution characteristics; Wuliangsuhai Lake

湖泊水體是人类赖以生存的重要自然资源,也是维系区域生态系统功能的重要组成部分,更是地球物质生物化学循环的储库[1-2]。自工业文明兴起的百年来,由于人类工农业生产活动,如采矿、冶炼、化工、民用固体废弃物不合理填埋和堆放以及大量化肥、农药的施用,导致进入水体环境中的污染物种类和数量越来越多,给环境和生态系统健康造成了许多问题[3]。多年来,许多学者非常关注水体富营养化问题,因为其宏观破坏性能引起人们的注意,而水体重金属污染问题人们重视程度相对不够。研究表明,水体中重金属可以导致人群健康风险[4-5],如甲基汞是水俣病致病因,镉是骨痛病致病因。……

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