杨宝霞等
摘要:经外周静脉穿刺中心静脉置管术(PICC)作为一种可长时间保留的深静脉导管,其临床应用减少了患者反复穿刺的痛苦和局部损伤,为肿瘤化疗及需要长期输液、输注高营养药物的病人提供了一种安全、快捷的静脉通道,可有效防止化疗药物外渗引起局部组织损害,保证病人的治疗,且在危重病人的抢救治疗中也有独特优点。随着中心静脉导管在临床上的广泛应用,穿刺局部出血成为置管护理的关键问题之一,其发生率与导管型号、穿刺手法、病人的基础状态及包扎换药方法等有关。通过选择合适的导管、改进穿刺方法、包扎技术,并合理使用凝血药物,能有效地预防出血发生。
关键词:经外周静脉穿刺中心静脉置管术;穿刺点出血;临床应用
Abstract :As a kind of prolonged central venous catheter,peripheraUy inserted central catheter(PICC)can reduce the pain in repeated punctures and local damage ,and therefore pmVides a safe and quick intmVenous duct for patients under tumor chemotherapy in need of long—tenn transfusion and infusion of high nutrition medicine,which could preVent tissue damage caused by chemotherapeutic exosmosis and us insure山e treatment in the patients.In addition,it has unique advantages in rescuing the critical patients.With the extensiVe use of PICC,t}le hemorrhage at puncture point has
become one of the key aspects in catlleter nursing.The incidence of hemorrhage is associated with catheter model,way of puncture,basic conditions,as weU as dressing change.To efkctively preVention hernorrhage in PICC operation,coun teeasures are recommended as:choosing suitable catheter,impmving puncture me山od and dressing technique,as weⅡ as rational drug use.
Keywords:peripheraUy inserted central catheter(PICC);hemoⅡhage in puncture point;clinical application
经外周静脉穿刺中心静脉置管术(Pedphemlly inserted central catheter,PICC)是由外周静脉穿刺插管,其顶端位于上腔静脉或锁骨下静脉的置管术。我国目前在需长期输液或需使用血管刺激性药物的患者中大量推广,因其留置时间长、可由护士操作、可以输人化疗药物及浓度较高的药物、保护患者血管、感染率较低等优势,近几年已被广泛应用于临床。但由于PICC穿刺鞘直径较粗,穿刺点血管损伤大,穿刺点血管渗血时有发生。因此,穿刺局部出血成为置管护理的关键问题之 ,现将护理经验总结如下。
1 PICC穿刺点出血的主要原因
1.1到一穿刺操作穿刺手法、速度、部位选择、不能做针见血等都会造成血管壁不同程度损伤而容易出血。……