张苗苗 牛忠清 郑凯



摘要 应用扎龙湿地周边5个测站1961~2010年逐日气温、降水资料,分析了扎龙湿地的干湿变化特征。结果表明,扎龙湿地年平均气温为3.9 ℃,平均气温突变年份为1986年,20世纪80年代以后气温显著升高,近50年升温速率0.42 ℃/10a,年平均气温存在2~8、10~30年的周期变化;扎龙湿地年平均降水量为412.3 mm,富裕站的降水存在减少趋势,其他4站的降水有增加趋势,年降水量变化存在3个转折点,分别位于1966、1982和1998年,扎龙湿地周边地区降水量存在2~8、10和20~30年的周期变化;干燥指数存在增大(变干)趋势,其中林甸站干湿变化最为平稳,泰来站干湿变化最为剧烈。
关键词 扎龙湿地;干湿特征;周期特征
中图分类号 S161 文献标识码 A 文章编号 0517-6611(2015)03-261-06
Analysis of Arid and Humid Characteristic in Zhalong Wetland in Recent 50 Years
ZHANG Miaomiao, NIU Zhongqing, ZHENG Kai
(Heilongjiang Weather Modification Office, Harbin, Heilongjiang 150030)
Abstract Based on daily temperature and precipitation data of meteorological observation station surround Zhalong wetland, the characteristic of arid and humid conditions was analyzed. The annual mean temperature surround Zhalong wetland is 3.9 ℃. The abrupt change of mean temperature occurred in 1986. After the 80's temperature rises more significantly. The temperature increased 0.42℃ every 10 years in recent 50 years. There were annual mean temperature period of 2-8 years and 10-30 years in the area. The annual mean precipitation was 412.3 mm in Zhalong wetland. The precipitation was decreasing in Fuyu station and that in other four stations were ascending. Annual precipitation had three sudden changes, respectively in 1966, 1982 and 1998. There were precipitation period of 2-8 years,10 years and 20-30 years surround Zhalong wetland.The aridity index shows an ascendant trend. The arid and humid change is the most stable in Lindian, and the most severe in Tailai.
Key words Zhalong wetland; Arid and humid conditions; Periodic characteristic
基金項目 中国气象局气候变化专项(CCSF201209)。
作者简介 张苗苗(1982- ),女,黑龙江宾县人,工程师,从事人工影响天气研究。
收稿日期 20141211
扎龙自然保护区位于黑龙江省齐齐哈尔市东南,总面积近2 100 km2,是我国最大的以鹤类等大型水禽为主体的珍稀鸟类和湿地生态类型的国家级自然保护区,1992年被列入国际重要湿地名录。扎龙湿地的存在对于齐齐哈尔地区以及整个黑龙江省西部的气候、生态环境起着重要的调节作用,因此具有十分重要的生态、环境和经济价值。近50多年来,在人类活动和区域气候的共同作用下,扎龙湿地生态特征严重退化,近年来,由于连年干旱,水资源匮乏加剧,扎龙湿地面积萎缩,甚至面临消亡的威胁,湿地生态系统亟待拯救,湿地生态环境用水问题成为人们关注的焦点。……