樊宏涛
摘 要 新《立法法》生效后,税收法定原则在我国基本确立,我国税法将深受影响。根据《立法法》的规定,我国新税种的设立必须由全国人大通过立法进行,新税设立后,税率的调整、新税的征收管理等基本问题也应由全国人大通过修改法律实现。我们需要逐步废止除个人所得税、企业所得税和车船税之外其余15种税所依据的行政法规,并由全国人大以法律重新确定每种税的所有要素。
关键词 立法法 税收法定原则 税法
中图分类号:D922.22 文献标识码:A DOI:10.16400/j.cnki.kjdkx.2015.10.073
Analysis of the Impact of Modifications of
"Legislation Law" on China's Tax Law
FAN Hongtao
(Tongji Zhejiang College, Jiaxing, Zhejiang 314051)
Abstract The new "Legislation Law" after the entry into force of the basic legal principle of taxation established in our country, our country will be deeply affected by tax law; under "Legislation Law", the establishment of new taxes must be passed legislation by the National People's Congress, after the establishment of new taxes, the tax rate the basic problem of adjustment, the new tax collection and management should also be adopted by the NPC to change the law to achieve; we need to gradually abolish administrative regulations, in addition to personal income tax, corporate income tax and travel tax remaining 15 kinds of taxes is based, by the National People's Congress law redefine all the elements of each tax.
Key words law; Tax legal principle; tax law
0 引言
2015年3月15日,新《立法法》得以通过,即时生效,其中规定“税种的设立、税率的确定和税收征收管理等税收基本制度” 必须由全国人民代表大会及其常务委员会通过制定法律确定,笔者认为,这实际上是从法律制定层面,进一步确立了“税收法定”原则,即“税法制定法定原则”,但并不包含“税法修改法定”,实为“狭义的税收法定原则”,毕竟我们修改的只是《立法法》,而非《宪法》。广义的税收法定原则是一项历史悠久、国际通行的基本法律原则,指导着税收立法、执法和司法,对规范政府征税权、保障纳税人权利至为关键,堪称税法领域的“帝王原则”,其涵盖了“税法修改法定原则” 简言之,税收法定就是政府收什么税、向谁收、收多少、怎么收,都要通过人大来立法决定。然而,由于《立法法》地位特殊,是“管法之法”,即使是狭义的税收法定原则,其确立亦实属不易,当然,通过《立法法》确立此原则,亦可谓“高调”,体现了我国坚持法治道路的决心。……