拿下时文阅读，让阅读理解速度飞起来

蔡章兵

解题技法攻略篇——高效提分宝典

得阅读者得天下，得英语阅读者得高分，这足见阅读理解题的重要性。综观近几年的高考试题，阅读理解的体裁多为记叙文、说明文、应用文和议论文四种；题材大多来源于实际生活，紧贴时代，反映英美文化等特点；阅读材料多为最近几年国内外报刊中具有时代性的原汁原味的文章，内容涉及政治、经济、人物、动物、教育、广告、哲理、生态、环保、科普、史地、节日、社会、卫生等方面。2015年的高考阅读理解仍然保持这种命题趋势。

题目类型

阅读理解题常见的是细节理解题，包括对时间、数量、文章结构、事件顺序、事实等方面的把握。推理判断题，包括推理、引申作者的态度、文章出处、人物情感等。猜测词义题，指通过上下文推测某些词汇、短语、句子的意思。主旨大意题，包括理解文章大意、文章标题等。

命题规律

1.问题的没置一般是遵循文章顺序的。

2.要注意文章人物说的话和带引号的句子，尤其是段落的后半部分，很有可能就是对某个问题的同义替换。

3.文章一般以5个段落为主，要把握每个段落的关系。

4.每段的首句很重要，尤其是总分结构的文章，有时候第一句话就是题眼。

5.抓住句中表示转折关系的词语，这些词语后面一般是作者的态度。要注意作者对什么进行了转折，找出关键词，这往往是推理判断题的题眼。

6.有些句子仅仅起到补充说明、过渡的作用，这种句子的明显特点是比较短。如果这些句子在选项中出现，肯定是干扰项，因为同义替换的句子，大多是长难句。

7.词汇题的正确答案往往隐藏在原文附近（即同义替换词）。在原文附近的句子，如果是并列关系句或解释说明句，就从这些句子关键词的相近意思去把握，如果是转折关系，就从关键词的相反意思去把握。

8.“最安全的地方也是最危险的地方”，中心句一般出现在段首、段中、段尾，或者是带引号的句子，但这也是十扰项常出现的地方。

9.要重视however后面的句子，很多题目的题眼都是however后面的句子。

10.要注意命题人的五个出题点：开头和结尾、因果关系、转折关系、比较关系、数字关系。

除了关注上述命题规律，考生解题时还应注意标注下面的词汇：

①表示标志类、指示类的词语

a.表示并列关系：and，also，coupled with等；

b.表示转折关系：hut，yet，however，by contrast等；

c.表示因果关系：therefore，therhv，consequently，as a result等；

d.表示递进关系：in addition to，even，whats more，furthermore等；

e.表示重要性：prime，ahoveall，first等。

②具有特定感情色彩、显示作者态度的词，例如blind盲目的（贬），exeessively过分的（贬）。

这些词有利于考生把握作者的态度和观点。

针对训练

六讲突破高考阅读理解

第1讲 阅读理解的设题点（高考命题技巧）

第2讲 正确选项的特点

第3讲 干扰项常用手段

第4讲 阅读解题口诀

第5讲 阅读长难句分析

第6讲 阅读分类解题指导

考生要理论联系实际，将这六讲切实运用到解题中，就可以在阅读理解中拿下高分。

答题规律

1.遇到考查结论性观点和归纳思想的题目时，考生要比较选项内容的全面概括性。一般来说，概括性高，引申思路符合逻辑的选项就是正确的。

2.注意选项中与原文线索句中重点词的同义互释。两个意思相同的句子是可以通过语法和同义词的转换来实现同义互释的，能达到这一要求的一般就是正确选项。

3.考查文章结论题时，看选项中是否含有绝对性的词语，有这类词的选项肯定要排除。

4.在考查结论推断题时，一般来说，重复例证事实、就事论事的选项一般要排除。

英语时文阅读篇——一站式破解英语难题

Tourists heading to Venice will need to spend extra money on new baggage thanks to an odd new rule.According to the rule.visitors using wheelie suitcases will be fined up to500 euros.It will come into effect in May 2015.

What's the reason for the ban？It's noise pollution on the historic canal bridges.Authorities say that the noise of large tour groups dragging the bags over the bridges keeps lo-cal residents awake at night.and in the end amounts to noise pollution.Only wheelie suitcases with silent inflated tires.rather than rubber ones.will be permitted in the water city，under the strict new regulations brought in by the council.

The odd rule has been brought in by Vittorio Zap-palorto.who was appointed after the city's mayor was arrested in a corruption scandal.Venetians themselves will be exempt from the regulations which are to come into operation in May next year，11 Gazzettino reported.

The news follows a series of attempts to limit the impact of the 20 million tourists that visit Venice every year.Earlier this year the city launched a campaign discouraging couples from attaching padlocks to the city's bridges as a symbol of love.claiming the old structures are too fragile to cope with the weight.Workmen this summer removed some 20.000"love locks " from the Rialto and Accademia bridges.

And last year authorities started a strict crackdown on water traffic.After a series of complaints about drunken-ness.boatmen are now subject to alcohol and drug tests and must use GPS devices and number plates.

"There are also numerous worrying signs of deteriora-tion and wear to paving stones and bridges previously un- harmed for hundreds of years."the City Council said in a statement.

City official Maurizio Dorigo admitted the rules were currently a little impractical as suitcases with inflatable wheels did not yet exisL as far as he knew.He said："Hopefully a company will start producing suitcases with inflatable tires.We've got till next May.Someone will be able to design and sell them by then."

1. Why does Venice City introduce the ban fromwheelie suitcases？（）

A.The noise of tour groups keep residents awake at night.

B.Rubber tyres of suitcases produce a lot of noise.

C.The dragging of wheelie suitcases amounts to noise pollution.

D. Tyres of suitcases do harm to paving stones and bridges.

2.What else measures have been taken to reduce theimpact of tourists in the city？（）

A.Limiting number of tourists and removing"Iove locks".

B.Discouraging couples and crackdown on water trafiic.

C.Launching a campaign and using GPS devices and number plates.

D.Removing"10ve locks"and crackdown on water traffic.

3.What can we infer from the passage？（）

A.Local residents can use wheelie suitcases without being fined.

B.People are banned from attaching padlocks to bridges.

C.GPS devices and number plates are used in water traffic.

D.Suitcases with inflatable wheels are sold in many shops.

4.Why does Maurizio Dorigo think the new ruleimpractical？（）

A.The regulation does not apply to the Iocalresidents.

B.Suitcases with inflatable wheels haven't been largely produced

C.Tourists are usually dragging their wheelie suitcases at night

D.Suitcases with inflated silent tires can't be designed by then.

5.What can be the best title of the passage？（）

A.Wheelie Suitcases Produce Noise Pollution

B.Attempts to Limit Impact of Tourists to the Water City

C.Venice Bans Tourists from Using Wheelie Suitcases

D.Attaching Padlocks to Bridges as A Symbol of Love.

语篇导读

威尼斯城决定于2015年5月起实施一项旅游新规：禁止游客使用滑轮行李箱，违者将被罚款500欧元。市政厅颁布这项新规是为了减少噪音污染。

l.C细节理解题。根据文章第二段the noise of large tour groups dragging the bags over the bridges keeps local residents awake at night，and in the end.amounts to noise pollution可知，成群的游客在桥上拖动行李箱而发出的声音会造成噪音污染，这是新规出台的原因。

2.D细节理解题。根据文章第四段和第住段可知，威尼斯市为了减轻游客对水城造成的影响，力图阻止游客在桥上挂连心锁，重新整顿游船服务业。

3.A推理判断题。根据文章第三段Venetians themselves will be exempt from the regulations可知，威尼斯城当地人不受新规定的约束，由此可判断，当地人使用滑轮行李箱是不会被罚款的。

4.B细节理解题。根据文章最后一段City offcial Maurizio Dorigo admitted the rules were currently a little impractical as suitcases with inflatable wheels did not yet exist可知，使用充气轮的行李箱还没有生产出来，因此实施新规有些不切实际。

5.C主旨大意题。通读全文可知，本文介绍了即将于2015年5月实施的一项新规定，即禁止威尼斯游客使用滑轮行李箱。

生词

1.odd/Dd/adj古怪的

例句：I don't know what to make of his odd behav-ior

我不知道如何理解他的古怪行为。

2.inflated/m'fleitId/adj.充了气的

例句：Remember to check your tires.Under-inflated tires can increase fuel consumption by fve per cent

别忘了检查轮胎气压。气压不足的轮胎可能会增加5%的油耗。

3.subject/'SAbd3ekt/adj服从的

例句：Although these targets would not be intemationa-lly binding，they would be subject to outside surveillance

虽然这目标不具有国际约束力，但它们将受到外界监督。

4.deterioration/恶化；退化

例句：The food undergoes no deterioration in the tropics

这种食品在热带地区不会变质。

长难句分析

Earlier this year the city launched a campaign dis-couraging couples from attaching padlocks to the city's bridges as a symbol of love.claiming the old structures are too fragile to cope with the weight

今年早时候，市政府开展了一项活动，即阻止情侣和夫妇在桥上挂锁以示爱意，因为官员称这历史悠久的桥梁很脆弱，已经难堪重负。

这是一个主从复合句。discouraging couples from为分词短语，做定语，修饰campaign，claiming为分词短语，做伴随状语。

This year has seen a rush in the popularity of smart gadgets，with items like 3D printers making it onto Christ-mas lists for the first time. The trend is a sign of the way technology will accelerate in 2015. according to futurolo-gist Dr James Bellini.

"The centerpiece of our future is rapidly becoming the digital hub for our increasingly connected lives."he said."Our homes are set to be enriched further by energy；from high-tech gadgets and appliances to smart devices."

Dr Bellini claimed a recent report showed that the av-erage home was transforming. as consumer buying habits changed.The report found that in 2015.the most wanted products will be 3D printers.followed by smart devices that connect to our phones-primarily thermostats and se-curity systems.as well as solar-powered chargers.

3D printing is a technology moving further into the mainstream.with the first artificial limbs created from 3D printers being used on patients this year.Not only are the devices now on sale in retailers.but there are multiple mobile apps that enable users to create and buy figures and toys that are printed in 3D.

"3D has been described as the biggest economic revolu-tion since Henry Ford introduced production Iine manufactur-ing in the 1900s."Dr Bellini said."Nasa already use it to turn out rocket parts；they are also developing ways to deploy 3D technology to produce on-board meals for the manned Mars missions planned for 203 0 and beyond. Nutritionists are look-ing at ways of printing food items for the elderly to match indwidual nutritional/dietary needs.And although it's early days for 3D printed pizzas and chocolate.it won't be long before every home has gone 3D."

The report also found that one of the products people were most looking forward to having in their home were do-mestic robots，with 26 per cent of those surveyed highlight-ing humanoid as a desirable product in years to come.

Technology giant Honda already has a domestic ro-bot.Asimo.who can remember faces and serve drinks.and made its first appearance in Europe this year.

1.What will our homes be like in the future？（）

A.Our homes will be using 3 D printers to produce meals for the family.

B.Our homes will be controlled by a digital hub with robots working around.

C.Our homes will be equipped with high-tech tools as well as smart devices.

D.Our homes will be filled with 3 D printers，ther-mostats and solar-powered chargers.

2.What is the significance of the first artificial limbs created from 3D printers？（）

A.3D technology has gained popularity in other areas

B.Figures and toys printed in 3 D have been very popular.

C.The biggest economic revolution has started since Henry Ford

D.Space technology has been pushed forward

3.What can we infer from the passage？（）

A.3D technology will cause a revolution in space exploration

B.The biggest economic revolution started from the year 1900

C.We will Iive on 3D printed foods in the near future

D.People can buy 3D printed pizzas and chocolates in shops.

4.What can be the best title of the passage？（）

A. 3D Printed Foods Meet Nutritional Needs

B.3D Technology Will Be Widely Used in Future Life

C.Astronauts Will Eat 3D Meals on Mars Mission

D.Domestic Robots Will Help out Housework in Future.

5.Whatis the author's attitude toward our increasingly connectedlives？（）

A.Suspicious

B.Concerned.

C.Pessimistic.

D.Expectant

语篇导读

这是一篇说明文，介绍了未来数字化生活的前景。随着智能产品的普及，将来3D打印技术会随处可见，我们还可以吃3D打印的营养食品，有机器人帮助做家务，这样美好的生活谁不向往呢？

1.C细节理解题。文章第二段介绍了未来家庭的特点：Our homes are set to be enriched further by energy；from high-tech gadgets and appliances to smart devices.即高科技产晶与智能产品将成为未来家庭的主流装备。

2.A推理判断题。根据文章第四段3D printing is a technology moving further into the mainstream判断，由于3D打印身体器官技术的应用，3D技术逐步为人们认识，并得到普及，成为应用广泛的主流技术。

3.C推理判断题。根据文章第五段专家对3D打印食品的展望，it won't be long before every home hasgone 3D判断，未来我们将生活在以3D打印食品为主食的时代。

4.B主旨大意题。通读全文可知，文章主要介绍了3D技术在未来生活中的应用情况，故选B。

5.D推理判断题。根据文章中mamstream，look-ing forward to，desirable等词汇的应用可知，作者对于未来数字驱动的生活是非常向往的。

生词

1.trend[trend]n.潮流；趋势

例句：He characterized briefly the main trend in the world today.

他简单扼要地描述了当前世界的主要趋势。

2.thermostat恒温器

3.highlight强调；突出

例句：The point of the story is to highlight how far the scientifc community and the government have to go to raise awareness about space weather and its effects

长难句分析

The report also found that one of the products people were most looking forward to having in their home were do-mestic robots，with 26 per cent of those surveyed highlighting humanoid as a desirable product in years to come

报告还发现，人们最希望拥有的产牖之一是家庭机器人，其巾就有26%的受访者强调，在未来几年中他们很想拥有智能机器人。

这是一个主从复合句。that引导的名词性从句做宾语。people were后面的分句为定语从句，省略了关系代词which或that，后面一个分句是with为介词的独立结构，highlighting为非谓语动词，做宾语补足语。