新型装配式节能日光温室冬季温控效果研究

杨凤军 杨微微 孙周平 安子靖 徐蕾 胡凯凤

摘要：在黑龙江地区，由于冬季日光温室夜间温度过低，难以满足作物生长的需求。大庆引进的新型装配式节能日光温室，设有水循环蓄放热系统和空气—地中热交换蓄放热系统。以大庆普通温室为对照，检测了冬季最冷时期新型温室与对照温室室温在东西、南北方向上的变化及分布，不同土层土温的变化及南北方向上土温的变化分布情况。结果表明，新型温室可保持夜间室内气温在12 ℃以上，温度分布均匀，比对照温室室内气温提高2～3 ℃。试验温室土层深度在60 cm以上的区域温度一直高于对照温室，10、30、60 cm处夜间平均温差分别为5.7、4.0、2.7 ℃。此新型温室的设计不仅提高了温室内的气温，而且也提高了作物根部的土壤温度。

关键词：日光温室;温度;地温;水循环系统;空气-地中热交换蓄放热系统

中图分类号：S625        文献标识码：A        文章编号：0439-8114（2015）23-6038-05

DOI：10.14088/j.cnki.issn0439-8114.2015.23.062

Study on a New Type of Assembled Energy-Saving Sunlight Greenhouse

in Winter Temperature Effect

YANG Feng-jun1，YANG Wei-wei1，SUN Zhou-ping2，AN Zi-jing1，XU Lei1，HU Kai-feng1

（1.Agronomy College，Heilongjiang Bayi Agricultural University， Daqing 163319， Heilongjiang， China;

2.Horticulture College，Shenyang Agricultural University， Shenyang 110866， China）

Abstract： In Heilongjiang province， because of solar greenhouse in winter night temperature is too low， so it is difficult to meet the needs of crop growth. A new assembled energy-saving solar greenhouse was introduced into Daqing city， the heat storage of water circulation system and air-ground heat storage in the heat exchange system were designed in the greenhouse. Taking the common greenhouse in Daqing city as comparison， in the coldest winter period， the indoor temperature change and distribution of new-type and common greenhouse in the east and west， north and south direction were detected， also the soil temperature changes and distribution of different soil layer and north-south direction were directed. The results showed that， the indoor temperature could be kept above 12 ℃ at night， with uniform temperature distribution，compared with the common greenhouse， temperature increased by 2～3 ℃. The temperature was higher than the conmmon greenhouse for the new-type greenhouse in region of soil depth above 60 cm， the night mean temperature difference of 10，30 and 60 cm soil depth were 5.7，4.0 and 2.7 ℃， respectively. Therefore， the new type of greenhouse not only can improve the temperature inside the greenhouse， but also boost the soil temperature of crop roots.

Key words： sunlight greenhouse; temperature; the ground temperature; water cycle system; air-ground heat exchange system

日光温室中的能量主要通过太阳能获得，部分能量以热量的形式存储于后墙、山墙和土壤中[1]。白天，墙体表面进行热量的蓄积[2]，这些热量主要是通过接收透过前屋面照射进来的太阳辐射，温室内最高温能达到35 ℃以上;在夜晚，当室内气温下降时，墙体和土壤中蓄积的热量又不断地向温室供应，墙体内通过导热过程以及墙体表面通过与室内空气对流换热的过程，不断地向室内释放热量，以提高空气温度[3]。但是由于受墙体材料热物理特性的限制，北墙蓄热能力有限，所以温室内后半夜的气温往往较低[4]，低温冷害现象时有发生，严重影响作物的高效生产。……