花魔芋离体再生体系的建立

2016-01-08 08:54:33秦廷豪李晓梅张军黄运军
湖北农业科学 2015年23期

秦廷豪 李晓梅 张军 黄运军

摘要:以花魔芋(Amorphophallus konjac)为材料比较不同灭菌方式对不同外植体的灭菌效果及生长的影响,不同激素浓度及组合对魔芋愈伤组织、不定芽诱导的影响,探讨了固液2种培养方式对继代培养的影响。结果表明:球茎和根状茎均可作为较为理想的外植体;魔芋愈伤组织诱导最适激素组合为MS+1.0 mg/L 6-BA+1.0 mg/L NAA,最适不定芽诱导培养基为MS+2.0~2.5 mg/L 6-BA+0.5 mg/L NAA或MS+0.5 mg/L TDZ+0.1 mg/L NAA;液体培养更适合魔芋愈伤的继代增殖,其不定芽平均增殖率可达4.69。

关键词:花魔芋(Amorphophallus konjac);再生体系;愈伤组织;不定芽

中图分类号:S632.3        文献标识码:A        文章编号:0439-8114(2015)23-6054-04

DOI:10.14088/j.cnki.issn0439-8114.2015.23.066

Establishment of Regeneration System in vitro Culture of Amorphophphallus Konjac

QIN Ting-hao1,LI Xiao-mei2,ZHANG Jun1,HUANG Yun-jun1

(1.Sichuan Province Plant Engineering Research Institute, Zizhong 641200,Sichuan,China;

2.Sichuan Provincial Academy of Agricultural Sciences Institute of Rice and Sorghum,Deyang 618000,Sichuan,China)

Abstract:Taking Amorphophphallus konjac as material, the effects of different sterilizing methods on the regeneration capacity of different explants were compared, the influences of different hormone levels on callus and adventitious buds induction were studied, and the effects of solid culture and liquid culture on subculture were also discussed. The results showed that corm and rhizome are the optimum explants for callus induction. The optimum hormone combination for konjac callus induction is MS 1.0 mg/L 6-BA+1.0 mg/L NAA, and the optimum media for adventitious buds induction is MS+2.0~2.5 mg/L 6-BA+0.5 mg/L NAA or MS+0.5 mg/L TDZ+0.1 mg/L NAA, and liquid culture would be suitable for subculture of konjac callus, the reproduction rate of adventitious buds can be up to 4.69.

Key words: Amorphophallus konjac; regeneration system; callus; adventitious bud

魔芋(Amorphophphallus sp)是中国传统栽培的重要作物,在四川、云南、贵州、湖北、广西和台湾等地有广泛分布[1]。据统计,中国现有魔芋属植物21种,可食用的有9种,其中大面积主栽培种为花魔芋(A.knojac)和白魔芋(A.albus)[2]。魔芋是迄今发现的植物界中惟一能大量合成葡甘聚糖(Konjac glucomannan,KGM)的高等植物。葡甘聚糖是魔芋地下球茎主要贮藏物质,为一种高分子碳水化合物,具有良好的胶溶性、凝胶性、增稠性、成膜性及与其他植物胶的复配性等优点,因而在食品、化工和医药等领域具有广泛的用途[3]。

通常利用根状茎或小球茎对魔芋进行无性繁殖,其种芋生产存在繁殖系数极低,生长周期长,农艺性状一致性差,变异、退化及病害积累严重等问题。根状茎和小球茎当年不能形成商品芋,用于商品芋的魔芋种芋数量有限,不能满足生产的需要,制约了魔芋种植及相关产业的发展[4]。开展魔芋组织培养技术的研究,形成一套适合魔芋自身特点的离体繁殖体系,是建立魔芋良种繁育体系的前期工作,也是解决目前魔芋生产中种芋问题的关键。……

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