戚华雄 查中萍
摘要:水稻籼粳亚种间杂种优势的利用是提高水稻单产的重要途径之一,正确鉴别育种材料的籼粳属性是有效利用亚种间杂种优势的先决条件。多种方法可以检测籼粳分类,目前常用的有依赖于籼粳间形态性状变异的程氏指数法和基于DNA 序列差异进行分类的分子标记检测法。程氏指数法具有简便、易于观测和受环境条件影响大等特点,而分子标记检测法具有准确、可定量及对试验条件的要求相对较高等特点。在多数情况下,在籼粳亚种水平上程氏指数和分子标记检测分类结果趋于一致。
关键词:水稻(Oryza sativa L.);籼粳鉴定;程氏指数;分子标记
中图分类号:S32;Q943;S511.032 文献标识码:A 文章编号:0439-8114(2015)24-6130-04
DOI:10.14088/j.cnki.issn0439-8114.2015.24.006
Abstract: Utilizing inter-subspecies heterosis of indica-japonica rice hybrids has been regarded as an important solution to further improve rice production. Correctly identifying the classification of indica-japonica of breeding materials is a prerequisite for taking advantage of inter-subspecies heterosis. There are a variety of technical methods to determine the classification of indica-japonica. Currently, the Chengs index and the molecular markers detection are two methods widely employed in the study. The former makes use of indica-japonicas variation of morphological features, and it is simple to operate and observe, but susceptible to environment; while the latter is based on the sequence difference of DNA, and it is accurate and quantifiable, but requires strict experimental conditions. In most cases, the classification results of the two methods are consistent with each other at subspecies level of Indica-Japonica.
Key words: rice; Indica-Japonica identification;Cheng′s index; Molecular marker
水稻(Oryza sativa L.)是中国最重要的粮食作物之一,水稻生产在中国农业生产、农民增收和农村经济发展中起着极其重要的作用。水稻单产的两次大的飞跃都是建立在突破性种质资源的发现和利用上,水稻矮化育种使稻谷单产增加20%~30%,杂交稻又使稻谷单产在矮化育种的基础上再次增产20%。进一步提高稻谷单产并实现水稻育种研究的全面突破,是保障国家粮食安全的重要举措。
目前生产上推广的杂交稻主要是利用品种间杂种优势和部分亚种间杂种优势。研究表明,亚种内品种间遗传多态性小,进一步利用的局限性较大。就提高杂种优势的程度而言,袁隆平[1]将杂交稻的发展分品种间杂种优势利用、亚种间杂种优势利用和远缘杂种优势利用三个阶段。……