滚球型准零刚度隔振器的特性分析

第一作者 王毅 男，硕士，1988年生

通信作者 徐道临 男，博士，教授，1958年生

邮箱：dlxu@hnu.edu.cn

滚球型准零刚度隔振器的特性分析

王毅，徐道临，周加喜

(湖南大学 汽车车身先进设计制造国家重点实验室，长沙410082)

摘要：针对工程实践中的低频隔振难题，提出一种紧凑的、带滚球装置的准零刚度隔振器。首先，对隔振器进行了静力学分析，得到了实现准零刚度的参数条件；其次，建立了隔振系统动力学模型，利用谐波平衡法分析了系统频响特性及隔振性能，讨论了激励幅值和阻尼对响应的影响；最后，利用ADAMS对系统动力学特性进行仿真及隔振效果评估。结果表明，与相应的线性隔振系统相比，准零刚度隔振器的起始隔振频率显著降低，且在低频范围内力传递率比线性系统低得多。因此，滚球装置提供的负刚度明显降低了系统竖向总刚度，使系统具有优异的低频隔振性能，更重要的是紧凑的设计使其更易工程化。

关键词：滚球型隔振器；准零刚度；低频隔振

基金项目：国家自然科学

收稿日期：2013-11-01修改稿收到日期：2014-02-25

中图分类号:O328文献标志码： A

Characteristic analysis of a ball-type vibration isolator with quasi-zero-stiffness

WANGYi,XUDao-lin,ZHOUJia-xi(State Key Laboratory of Adraced Design and Manufacturing for Vehicle Body, Hunan University, Changsha 410082, China)

Abstract:A compact ball-type quasi-zero-stiffness (QZS) vibration isolator was proposed for the purpose of low-frequency vibration isolation. Firstly, its parameters of quasi-zero stiffness were obtained using a static analysis. Furthermore, the dynamic model of the vibration isolation system was established, and the frequency-response characteristic and vibration isolation performance were analyzed with the harmonic balance method. The effects of excitation amplitude and damping on the system response were also discussed. Finally, numerical simulations were performed with ADAMS software, and the vibration isolation effects were evaluated. The results showed that compared with the corresponding linear vibration isolation system, the QZS vibration isolator can obviously reduce the starting vibration isolation frequency, and has a much lower load transmissibility in the range of low frequency; therefore, the negative stiffness provided by the ball-type mechanism significantly reduces the total vertical stiffness of the system, and the excellent low-frequency vibration isolation performance is achieved; what’s more, its compact design makes it more convinient to be used in engineering.

Key words: ball-type vibration isolator; quasi-zero-stiffness; low-frequency vibration isolation

近年来，隔振技术愈来愈受到人们的重视，人们对振动环境、产品与结构振动特性的要求进一步提高，比如测量时光学隔振平台对高精密光学仪器的隔振保护、水下航行潜艇的减振降噪等，都对隔振技术的要求越来越严格。主要基于两方面的原因：一方面，我们生活中的振源强度在日益加大，例如，机械设备运转速度剧增、越野汽车和内燃机数量不断增加等；……