ABSTRACTS

The Contemporary Practical Significance of Marxist Realistic View

LU Jian-you(5)

Chinese scholars in support of Marxism and Engels’s theories deeply understand that reality is imperfect with the constraint of natural conditions, social conflicts, people’s ideologies. To combine the theories with the realities is to ask people to be aware of the dual functions of guiding and criticizing the practice by the theories and to acknowledge the fact that nature entails inevitability and variability in different temporal and spatial conditions. Reviewing the adaptability of traditional theories to realities and the thinking mode of criticizing and transforming realties by Karl Marx so as to follow his spirits of criticism in realizing self-awareness is what requires of us at this time in learning from Karl Marx’s ideas of social criticism, and timely changeability to find adaptability of Marxism to Chinese realities.

Das Capital and the Overcoming of Value Nihilism

LIU Xiong-wei(12)

Friedriche Nietzsche systematically analyzed the Value Nihilism implied in the concept of Modernity, and made Value Nihilism one of the difficulties to be overcome as soon as possible. However, these attempts never became successful from Friedriche Nietzsche to Martin Heidgger due to the constraint of their axiological views. Karl Marx noticed the coming of Value Nihilism and the collapse of “holy image” even earlier than Nietzsche, while he found a way to overcome it, not by building new values, but through criticizing the reality from the perspective of political economy, and the result was the publication of Das Capital. In Das Capital, Marx pointed out that the root of Value Nihilism is capital, and offered a choice to overcome Value Nihilism.

Solutions for Inconsistent Collective Judgment Set Based on Judgment Aggregation Model

LI Li　TANG Xiao-jia(18)

Arrow’s Impossibility Theorem has been proved that it is impossible to aggregate rational individual preference order to a rational collective preference order, but the pessimistic conclusion has nothing to do with the practical collective decision. The recent research focuses on how to find solutions to the inconsistent judgment set in order to guarantee the justice in the group decision process to achieve the maximum of group benefit. Judgment aggregation model puts the collective aggregation problem to a general logic framework, and improves the collective rational aggregation research to a higher and more abstract level. This paper discusses the aggregation problems based on judgment aggregation model. It begins with the discursive dilemma, and applies the premise-based and conclusion-based methods, methods based on the majoritarian judgment set, and methods based on the weighted majoritarian judgment set, to solve the inconsistent collective judgment set, and analyze the advantages and disadvantages of these different methods. Although these methods have some limits, they can be used to get the consistent collective judgment set, and the logical characterization technique can be applied to recommender systems, multi-agent decision system and search engines in computer science and artificial intelligence area. The research may improve the development of the relative theories and applied technologies.

The Realistic Path for Building the Think Tank of Socialist Theories with Chinese Characteristics

HUANG Rong-sheng(29)

The Think Tank of Socialist Theories with Chinese Characteristics is a special institution that serves the theoretical development of socialism with Chinese characteristics. It is of great significance in its theoretical innovation. In this sense, it is necessary to define its basic functions, focuses, operation mechanism so as to carry forward the construction of the Think Tank of Socialist Theories with Chinese Characteristics.

Theoretical Basis, Accumulation Effect and Policy Implications

in Extraordinary Income Growth for Chinese Farmers

WANG Xiao-hua　WEN Tao(55)

This paper focuses on a scientific and reasonable study of the concept and theoretical definition of the farmer’s extraordinary income growth and tests the accumulation effect of the farmer’s extraordinary income growth for some time into the future by using 2010 urban and rural resident’ income data. Our conclusion is as follows. If regarding 1.5-fold average ratio of urban-rural residents’ income in developed countries as the reference standard, under the New Normal background, we want to achieve the strategic goal of shortening the urban-rural income gap to impel the urban-rural integration so that farmers’ income will realize extraordinary growth in theory. This kind of extraordinary growth must go beyond urban residents’ income growth for a long time base on a higher national income growth. At the same time, this long-time surpassing should maintain 2 or 3 percent higher than urban residents’ income growth rate for the next thirty or so years. Finally, according to the above findings, this paper puts forward some major countermeasures for China to achieve urban-rural residents’ income growth doubly and gap narrowed.

Research on Performance of Chinese government funding start-ups

ZHU Zhi-yong　CHEN Jian(64)

Over the years, governments at all levels have set up various funds to support start-up and tech companies, and enormous amount, however how about the effectiveness of the Fund? Academia has been a lack of research on it. Firstly, we employ the factor analysis to cluster indicators of earnings performance and growth performance of the start-ups to make model. Finally, we employ the partial least squares (PLS) method on the impact factors of Performance of Government Fund on start-up and technology companies. Results show that (1)Overall, government funds to support the start-up companies affect firms performance;(2)In view of direction of PLS estimated coefficients, the bigger of profitability and growth potential of Start-up companies, the better of the performance of government funds;(3)In view of size of coefficients, profitability of Start-up enterprises influencing government fund performance is greater than the growth potential of enterprises, proofing that enterprises get more government funds to improve their financial situation rather than the long-term development. This paper provide some theoretical support on the future development of policies for the government or the establishment of a fund for start-ups.

From “Dead-End Bridge” to “Overpass”: The Development Path of Applied Technology Colleges

XU Xiao-rong　ZHU De-quan(71)

The higher vocational education in China was previously a fractured education. Currently, the education transformation in local colleges’ pilot programs is an official prologue to the era of applied technology colleges’ construction and development. So far, the talent training system of vocational and technical education has formally undergone the transformation from a “dead-end bridge” to an “Overpass”. To construct an applied technology college, we must first clarify several pairs of concept logics which are involved and may be easily confused. Based on a clear understanding of the essence of the applied technology concept, we can overcome various institutional barriers and conditional bindings challenging the in-transition colleges in China and break through the bottleneck in college development especially from the perspective of difficulties so as to construct a higher-quality and modern vocational and technical education system with Chinese characteristics.

A Research of Cultural Basis of Innovative and Enterprise Education in Universities

GIN Hong　ZHANG Wu-sheng(80)

Culture is the basis of innovative and enterprise education. This viewpoint has been repeatedly confirmed by outcomes of practices and researches. The typical examples from the US, Jewish people, Silicon Valley and MIT show that the positive and unique culture is the fertile soil and source of innovative and enterprise education. The cultural elements of facilitating innovative and enterprise education are enterprise spirits, putting up with failure, international multiculture and “doing by hands”. Chinese universities must get rid of old and negative cultural elements for innovative and enterprise education, and uphold constructing the university and educating students by culture, and build a whole system of innovative and enterprise education.

Development of the Chinese Courage Inventory

CHENG Cui-ping　HUANG Xi-ting(93)

Based on the results of successive previous studies, courage in Chinese culture was constructed as two categories: individually-oriented and socially-oriented, and each category contains three factors. According to this theoretical hypothesis, the Chinese Courage Inventory (CCI) was developed after three tentative surveys of 2213 valid subjects in total. Exploratory factor analysis was performed, and the results supported the structure of courage mentioned. The individually-oriented and socially-oriented courage consists of persistence, breakthrough, and responsibility respectively. 1989valid subjects in total were recruited to explore the reliability and validity of the formal inventory. It is found that CCI had a high internal consistency reliability, retest reliability, content validity, and construct validity.

A Study on Construction of Chinese Frugality

LI Lin　HUANG Xi-ting(100)

Frugality is a set of values about resource using and satisfaction of desires. In the conceptual framework of values, this indigenous study developed and evaluated a multi-item scale of frugality with the sample of Chinese adults. The final thirty-item scale has eight factors, grouped into two subscales named frugality motivation and behavioral strategies respectively. The motivation subscale includes three factors named copying survival stress, enhancement of material well-being and value transcendence. It speaks to the questions of why people engage in thrift, in increasingly wealthy, choice-abundant consumer societies. The behavioral strategies subscale was composed of five dimensions: planning carefully, using wisely, satisfied strictly, identifying with frugality and enjoying being frugal. The motivation and behavioral strategies of frugality form a complete conceptual system of frugality, which is organized by a bi-factor structure. Beyond desirable measurement qualities, the scale of frugality values is shown to be empirically useful for understanding Chinese consuming behaviors.

Norms and Self-Confidence: Perceived Tightness-Looseness and the Doctrine of Mean

BI Chong-zeng(107)

The development of self-confidence is encoded in a specific cultural model. Acording to the theory of cultural consonance, the development of self-confidence is associated with the obedient to social norms. This study explores the influence of Tightness-Looseness and the Zhongyong(the Doctrine of the Mean) on individual’s self-confidence. Results show that Tightness-Looseness and Zhongyong plays an important role in one’s self-confidence. People with a higher Tightness-Looseness perception and Zhongyong in daily life will perceive more unspecified rules and will pay more attention to his behavior in a variety of scenarios, anchored in such social norms and flexibility of Zhongyong provides a basic framework for daily life, which leads to adaptive self-confidence. This paper also proposes pattern transformation of confidence companied social changes to extend the findings of current studies and discussed its implications for cross-cultural research.

Roland Barthes’s Cultural Semiology and the Establishment of “Culturalist Paradigm”

XIAO Wei-sheng(114)

Ferdinand de Saussure took linguistics as a part of semiology, but Roland Barthes held an opposite view of regarding semiology as a part of linguistics. Roland Barthes translated and transformed the terminology of construction linguistics in Object’s Semantics and Elements of Semiology and initially established the terminology system of cultural semiology, including four pairs of core concepts: language vs. parole, signifier vs. signified, combination passage vs. systematic, and extension vs. connotation, etc. “Culturalist Paradigms” in the Humanities based on Roland Barthes’ cultural semiology lay a solid foundation for the study approach of close integration of linguistics and cultural studies and provides the principles of methodology.

Mutability and the Ways of God: The Baroque World in John Milton’s Paradise Lost

LIU Li-hui(127)

Milton scholarship has recognized numerous affinities between the stylistic features of Paradise Lost and the baroque architecture and painting, but seldom explores the relationship between the stated epic purpose and the baroque features. Paradise Lost establishes its own baroque world of mutability by employing dynamic but complex Latinized and paradox narrations as well as by constructing a world of striking contrasts between the divine and the devil on a dramatically huge and magnificent stage. The baroque world not only foregrounds the divinity and eternity of such virtues as reason, truth, good, justice, among others, all of which incarnate the epic purpose, but also serves as an effective means of exploring the proper relationship between the divine and the humans.

The Origin and Migration of Ancient Greek Inhabitants

XU Song-yan(163)

In the history of ancient Mediterranean culture, the eastern Mediterranean and the surrounding area was an inseparable entirety. At the beginning of the Neolithic age or earlier times, ethnic groups who were leading social economy and culture in this area migrated gradually to Cyclades islands and the Greek peninsula by the sea corridor, the results of Neolithic revolution transmitted to the west, and opened the continued thousands of years of ethnic fusion process. The history of relations between the Greeks and the Pelasgians spindles early Greek national relation history. Non-Greek inhabitants of the Greek peninsula before the arrival of the Hellenes had formed a relatively stable racial groups. Pelasgian culture is the long-term social productive and practical results of the inhabitants in western Asia and northern Africa. “The arrival of the Greeks” means the continuation of ethnic fusion in Greece(Pelasigia) and the Aegean region. It in some extent contributed to the amalgamation between the Greeks and pelasgians in culture. The ancient Greek culture is a new culture of the Greeks and the Pelasgians co-created.

The political marriage between the Mari King Zimri-Lim and the Yanmhad Princess ibtu

in the Old Babylon Period

CHEN Yan-li　ZHANG Bao-li(173)

The Mari prince Zimri-Lim, who exiled to Yamhad, a powerful kingdom in the district of Syria, had a intermarriage with Yamhad princess ibtu to obtain military support of Yamhad to retake Mari’s kingship. When Zimri-Lim stabilized his reign over Mari, he dispatched Asqudum and Risiya as envoys with abundant betrothal gifts to Yamhad to marry ibtu for him on October of the first year of his reigns. This paper took the letters written by Asqudum and Risiya in Yamhad to Zimri-Lim in Mari and the letters written to Zimri-Lim by the local governors of these cities that the wedding procession went by from Yamhad back to Mari as text evidence to research the detailed discussion between Mari and Yamhad about this political marriage in terms of the date, route and detailed journey arrangement of the wedding procession from Yamhad back to Mari.

Origins of the Political Violence in the Late Roman Republic

LIU Xiao-qing(181)

As an important phenomenon in the Roman political life, violence became quite common in the Late Republic. The reasons were quite complicated. The political violence, based on the traditional ideas of popular justice and self-help, was incited by the limited police power and inefficient laws. It deteriorated with the more fierce competition between political leaders after adjustment of the constitutional institutions in the late Republic. Worst of all, the accumulation of the pleb’s resentment caused by their hard life triggered the wide spread of violence.