赵志泉 杨云


[摘 要] 制造业是国家的支柱产业,是立国之本、兴国之器、强国之基。长期以来,庞大的人口红利支撑着中国制造业发展,劳动报酬占GDP比重较低。中国制造业忽视管理创新的价值贡献,管理粗放。然而,2009年以来,劳动报酬占比改变下降态势,从“U”型左侧演化之“U”型底部与右侧。面对劳动力成本的不断攀升,中国制造业必须更加重视管理创新,实施价值链管理、集成管理和谐管理,向管理要效益,以管理提升竞争力。
[关键词] 制造业;劳动报酬占比;“U”型;倒逼机制;管理创新
[中图分类号] F424 [文献标识码] A 文章编号:1671-0037(2016)01-14-3
Study on the Management Innovation of China's Manufacturing Industry Reversely Driven by the "U" Type Change of the Ratio of Labor Payment
Zhao Zhiquan Yang Yun
(School of Economics & Management,Zhongyuan University of Technology,Zhengzhou Henan 450007)
Abstract:Manufacturing industry is the pillar industry of the country,which plays foundational and revitalized role to the country. For a long time,the huge demographic dividend has been supporting the development of China's manufacturing industry,and the ratio of labor payment occupies a small proportion of GDP. The value and contribution of management innovation in China's manufacturing industry are neglected,and the management is extensive. However the decline trend of the ratio of labor payment has changed since 2009,which means the ratio line moves from the left side of the U type to its bottom or right side. In the face of rising labor costs,China's manufacturing industry must pay more attention to management innovation, implement value chain management,integrated management and harmonious management,obtain profits by management and enhance the competitiveness by management.
Keywords:manufacturing industry; ratio of labor payment; utype; reverse driving mechanism; management innovation
1 序言
制造业是国民经济的主体,是立国之本、兴国之器、强国之基[1]。中国是世界制造大国,截至2015年底,中国煤炭、钢铁、水泥、电力、汽车等居世界第一位,货物出口总额居世界第一位。中国制造业的迅速发展与巨大“人口红利”息息相关。相当长时间内,“中国制造”成为“价廉制造”的代名词。然而,2008年至今,国内“劳工荒”频繁出现,各地也不断提高最低工资标准,国内企业用工成本逐年提高。特别是自2012年开始,我国的劳动力资源总量首次绝对下降。2015年,适龄劳动人口继续萎缩。这意味着我国劳动力无限供给的时代已经结束,“人口红利”窗口已经关闭,劳动力成为稀缺资源,中国制造企业不得不面临长期人工成本提升的压力。面对劳动报酬变化,“中国制造”要成功晋级“中国智造”,必须更加重视管理创新,向管理要效益,以管理提升竞争力。
2 我国劳动报酬占比正在发生“U”型变化……p>